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Vascular Biology > Questions in class > Flashcards

Questions in class Flashcards

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1
Q

Which factor does not lead to platelet activation?

  • Thrombin
  • Serotonin
  • VEGF
A

VEGF

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2
Q

How do platelets sense damage of the blood vessels?

  • By chemotaxis
  • By collagen mobilized on vWF
  • By extravasation of … into the tissue
  • By Erythropoietin release
A

By collagen mobilized on vWF

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3
Q

How does acetylsalicylic acid lead to haemodilution?

  • Via vasodilation
  • Via inhibition of the coagulation cascade
  • By the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase
  • By the reduction of the erythrocyte count
A

By the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase

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4
Q

GPIV is recognised by…

A

Collagen (receptor?)

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5
Q

Coagulation is needed for..

  • Vessel occlusion
  • Protection against atherosclerosis
  • Wound healing
  • Acid base balance
A

Wound healing

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6
Q

Which cells produce prostacyclin that causes vasodilatation and inhibits platelet activation?

  • Platelets
  • Endothelial cells
  • Smooth muscle cells
  • Leukocytes
A

Endothelial cells

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7
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?

  • Inhibition of platelet binding to leukocytes is sufficient to prevent thrombosis
  • Inhibition of secondary-feedback platelet activation is sufficient to prevent thrombosis
  • In order to block thrombosis platelet interaction with the subendothelial matrix needs to be blocked
  • Inhibition of RNA synthesis in platelets prevents thrombosis
A

Inhibition of secondary-feedback platelet activation is sufficient to prevent thrombosis

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8
Q

The megakaryocyte is found in..

  • Bone marrow
  • Lymph nodes
  • Liver
  • Kidney
A

Bone marrow

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9
Q

What is the function of PAF (platelet activating factor) released after platelet activation?

  • It reduces the thrombotic risk
  • It recognizes damaged blood vessels
  • It enhances fibrin cross-linking
  • It leads to recruitment of further paletes
  • Chemotaxis
A

It leads to recruitment of further paletes

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10
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?

  • Fibrogen activates GPIIb/IIIa
  • Fibrinogen binds to activated GPIIb/IIIa
  • Fibrogen inactivates GPIIb/IIIa
  • GPIIb/IIIa binds inactivated fibrogen
A

Fibrinogen binds to activated GPIIb/IIIa

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11
Q

Thromoxan A2…

  • Enhances platelet aggregation
  • Inhibits blood coagulation
  • Activates neutrophil granulocytes
  • Leads to vasodilation
A

Enhances platelet aggregation

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12
Q

What phospholipid derived factors are not cyclooxygenase dependant?

  • Leukotriene
  • Thromboxane
  • Prostaglandine
  • Prostacyclin
A

Leukotriene

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13
Q

How do paletes interfere with secondary haemostasis? Via release of..

  • Fibrogen and collagen
  • Thrombin and prothrombin
  • Calcium, FV, FVIII
  • FVIIa and FIXa
A

Calcium, FV, FVIII

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14
Q

Which sort of enzyme is ADAMTS13?

  • Catalase
  • Coagulase
  • Protease
  • Decarboxylase
A

Protease

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15
Q

Which process is a result of platelet activation?

  • Uptake of thromboxan
  • Calcium integration into the palette membrane
  • Conformational change of surface GPIIb/IIIa
  • Conformational change of intraplatelet GPIIb/IIIa
A

Conformational change of surface GPIIb/IIIa

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16
Q

How does the factor IIa get activated?

  • By the coagulation factors TF/VIIIa
  • By the coagulation factors TF/VIIIa
  • By fibrin
  • By activated protein C
A

By the coagulation factors TF/VIIIa

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17
Q

Which statement about protein C (PC) is not true?

  • PC is a natural occurring anticoagulant which circulates in plasma
  • PC is synthesised in the liver
  • PC is activated by phosphorylation
  • PC is a serin protease
A

PC is activated by phosphorylation

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18
Q

How does vWF syndrome affect platelet function?

  • GPIIa/IIIa conformational change is inhibited
  • Platelets adhesion is affected
  • Platelet crosslinking is affected
  • Platelet membrane flip is not possible
A

Platelets adhesion is affected

19
Q

Which of the following answers is true for Antithrombin?

  • Heparin decreases the inhibitory effect of AT on coagulation
  • AT forms an inhibitory complex with FXa
  • AT inhibits the activating factors V, VIIa, VIIIa and Xa
  • AT is a cofactor of Protein S, required for enhancing the inhibitory interaction
A

AT forms an inhibitory complex with FXa

20
Q

How is Protein C activated?

  • By interaction with factor V and VIII
  • By thrombin/ thrombomodulin by cleavage
  • By thrombin/ thrombomodulin by addition of an amino group
  • By separation of Protein S
A

By thrombin/ thrombomodulin by cleavage

21
Q

Which of the following statements about thrombin is not correct?

  • It’s factor II and a serin protease
  • It’s part of the coagulation, catalyses generation from fibrin to fibrinogen
  • It’s synthesized by the liver as an inactive proenzyme
  • Plays a role in anticoagulatory task
A

It’s factor II and a serin protease

22
Q

A lack of defect of FIX results in:

  • Haemophilia A
  • Haemophilia B
  • Glanzmann syndrome
  • Bernard Soulier syndrome
A

Haemophilia B

23
Q

Haemophilia A is caused by the lack of factor VIII,…

  • Which is, under normal conditions, able to activate itself
  • Which is, under normal conditions, activated by thrombin and inhibited by protein C
  • Which is, under normal conditions, part of the extrinsic tenase complex, activating factor X
  • Who’s loss can either be acquired or inherited
A
  • Which is, under normal conditions, activated by thrombin and inhibited by protein C
  • Who’s loss can either be acquired or inherited
24
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?

  • Binding of thrombin to thrombomodulin activates TAFI, which is responsible for the activation of fibrinolysis
  • Thrombin is able to promote the activation of coagulation factors V, XI and VIII as well as its own release (positive feedback loop)
  • Thrombin is a serine protease with a structural similarity to tryptophan
  • One of the properties of anticoagulatory thrombin is to activate protein C after binding to vWF
A

Thrombin is able to promote the activation of coagulation factors V, XI and VIII as well as its own release (positive feedback loop)

25
Q

The Prothrombinase complex…

  • Consists of factors Xa and Va
  • Directly activates Fibrinogen to Fibrin
  • Leads to the generation of active thrombin by linking two prothrombins
  • Gets inactivated by activity of aPC
A
  • Consists of factors Xa and Va

- Gets inactivated by activity of aPC

26
Q

Leukocyte rolling on endothelial cells is initiated by

  • P-selectin
  • ICAM-1
  • VCAM
  • E-Selectin
A

P-selectin

27
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

  • VEGF binds to FIk1 (VEGF-R2)
  • VEGF binds to FIt1 (VEGF-R1)
  • Angiopoetin-1/-2 binds to Flt1 (VEGF-R1)
  • Angiopoetin-1/-2 binds to Flk1 (VEGF-R2)
A

Angiopoetin-1/-2 binds to Flt1 (VEGF-R1)

28
Q

What is the consequence of VEGF binding to VEGF-R2?

  • Recruitment of pericytes
  • Differentiation of endothelial cells
  • Stabilisation of blood vessels
  • Reconstruction of the basal membrane
A

Differentiation of endothelial cells

29
Q

How can angiogenesis be induced during tumor development?

  • Matrix metalloproteases degrade the basal membrane, which leads to sprouting of endothelial cells
  • Oxygen shortage of the tumor leads to induction of HIF-1, which induces VEGF expression
  • Vessel injury during tumor growth leads to new vessel formation
  • Tumor express VEGF-R2 which induces the differentiation of endothelial cells
A

Oxygen shortage of the tumor leads to induction of HIF-1, which induces VEGF expression

30
Q

Which is the function of the lymphatic system?

  • Transportation of liquids into tissue
  • Transportation of dendritic cells
  • Transportation of antibodies
  • Transportation of coagulation factors
A

Transportation of liquids into tissue

31
Q

At what developmental stage does vasculogenesis occur?

  • Late embryogenesis
  • Early embryogenesis
  • Only in adults
  • During embryogenesis and in adults
A

Early embryogenesis

32
Q

What is the correct sequence? (Angiogenesis)

A

Angiogenic stimulus → degradation of the basal matrix → initial endothelial migration → endothelial cell-proliferation → formation of capillaries → maturation and recruitment

33
Q

Angiopoetin-1 binds to…

  • VEGF-R1
  • VEGF-R2
  • Tie2
  • Tie1
A

Tie2

34
Q

Which factor is no angiogenic stimulus?

  • Hypoxia
  • Inflammation
  • Degradation of the basal membrane
  • Tissue injury
A

Degradation of the basal membrane

35
Q

Which statement about vasculogenesis is correct?

  • During intraembryonal development angioblasts are formed in the ectoderm, which differentiate to endothelial cells
  • During intraembryonal development angioblasts are formed in the endoderm, which differentiate to endothelial cells
  • Vasculogenesis is regulated by VEGF and erythropoietin
  • During embryonic development in the yolk sac vessel and blood development are coupled
A

During embryonic development in the yolk sac vessel and blood development are coupled

36
Q

Which statement about veins and arteries is correct?

  • Veines can be exposed to higher blood pressure compared to arteries
  • Arteries have valves toprevent reflux of blood
  • Venoles collect blood of the capillaries, which is then further transported in veins
  • Veins are the blood storage pool, which ⅓ of the blood being in the veins
A

Venoles collect blood of the capillaries, which is then further transported in veins

37
Q

Which factor induces vasculogenesis?

  • Angiopoetin-1
  • Tie2
  • VEGF
  • bFGF
A

VEGF

38
Q

Which vessels have valves?

  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
  • Veins and lymphatic vessels
A

Veins and lymphatic vessels

39
Q

Which molecule induces vasoconstriction?

  • NO
  • Angiotensin II
  • Bradykinin
  • cGMP
A

Angiotensin II

40
Q

Stabilisation of newly formed vessels is very important. Which protein is important for the recruitment of pericytes?

  • Platelet-derived Growth Factor
  • Serpin
  • Angiopoetin 1
  • VEGF-2
A

Angiopoetin 1

41
Q

Which vessel has the thickest vessel wall?

  • Veins
  • Arterioles
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Arteries
A

Arteries

42
Q

VEGF binds to … consequence of this interaction in the yolk sac during embryonic development?

  • Endothelial cell differentiation
  • Hematopoietic stem cell development
  • Stabilisation of newly formed vessels
  • Vessel formation
A

Vessel formation

43
Q

What starts secondary haemostasis?

  • Platelet activation
  • Erythrocyte activation
  • Activation of plasma factors
  • Proliferation of endothelial cells
A

Activation of plasma factors

Vascular Biology (7 decks)

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