Questions I Need To Know! Flashcards
What is general fitness?
Capacity to carry out a physical task without fatigue (SSSSS)
What is health?
Absence of illness, injury and disease (physical, social and mental well-being)
What is recreation? What is outdoor recreation?
Leisure time spent doing something active. Activity with element of risk - rock climbing
What makes up a balanced diet?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre, and water
What foods contain a high % of protein? What type of athlete would this benefit?
Chicken, red meat - power athletes e.g. Weightlifter, javelin
What is obesity? What causes it?
Extreme overweight caused by excessive eating and too little exercise
What is carbohydrate loading? What type of athlete would follow this diet?
Prior to an event eating foods high in carbs (pasta) - endurance events (marathon)
Name five benefits of exercising?
- controls body weight
- physical fitness
- social benefits
- posture
- mental well-being
Name 3 reasons why it is important to warm up?
Prevention of injury, mental preparation and perform better
For a named activity, describe 3 injuries which could take place?
Football
Pulled muscle, fracture bone, cut, blister
What does RICE mean?
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
What are the symptoms of concussion?
Memory loss, blurred vision, confusion
Name 4 functions of the skeletal system
Support, movement, protection, blood production
Name the 5 parts of the vertebrae
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum and coccyx
Name the 3 types of strength and give an example of each
Static - rings in gym
Explosive - shot put
Dynamic - cycling
How many pumps are there in the heart?
4
What is the function of: red cells, white cells, platelets and plasma?
Red - carry O2
White - fight infection
Platelets - clot the blood
Plasma - transports waste products
What are the 2 training zones called?
Anaerobic and aerobic
Aerobic respiration is in the presence of what?
O2
What is
Glucose + O2 = CO2 + water + energy?
Aerobic respiration
What is
Glucose = energy + lactic acid?
Anaerobic respiration
What is muscular endurance? Name a test to measure it?
Ability of muscles to work for long duration without fatigue - press up/sit up test
What is power? Name a test to measure it?
Ability to exert a force quickly - standing broad jump
What is flexibility? Name a test to measure it?
Range of movement around a joint - sit and reach test
What are the principles of training?
Specificity Progression Overload Reversibility Tedium
Name 5 types of training methods?
Continuous, interval, Fartlek, weight, circuit
Name 6 factors that affect performance?
Age, injury, stress, somatotype, gender, environment, personality
Name 5 factors that affect participation In sport
Leisure time, education, parents, religion, peer group, money, disability
Why is an endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph
Fat
Muscles
Skinny
A somatotype of 7-7-1 would indicate what?
Extreme fat, muscle and skinny
7 high
1 low
What 4 factors make males out perform females at most sports?
Bone structure, muscle mass, % of body fat, O2 carrying capacity
Name 3 factors to do with age and performance
Decrease in muscle strength, O2 carrying capacity and joint mobility
What is the difference between an introvert and an extrovert
Introvert - shy, reserved, non contact sports
Extrovert - loud, confident, team games
Name 3 psychological factors which affect performance
Stress, boredom, anxiety, nerves, pressure, personality
What is sponsorship? What can be sponsored?
Advertisement of a product in return for a financial reward
Individuals , teams, stadiums, events and sports
What is a national governing body? Name 3 things it does?
FA - football association
Organises internal competitions
Provides support for officials and coaches
Increase participation at grassroots level
What is feedback?
Internal feedback - knowledge of performance
External feedback - knowledge of results
Name 3 safety considerations when performing in sport
Equipment checks, playing surface, rules, warm up, clothing
Name 3 technological advances in sport
Hawk eye
Blade boots
Swimsuits
What are the 11 components of fitness?
Speed Power Somatotype Strength Agility Timing Balance Flexibility Stamina Muscular endurance Co-ordination
What are the 6 practical areas you can be assessed in with an example?
Accurate replication - gymnastics Maximum levels - athletics Outwitting opponents - football Problem solving - orienteering Health and well being - aerobics Exploring ideas - dance
5 areas you can be assessed in?
Performer, leader, coach, official and choreographer
Qualities of a good leader?
Confidence, knowledge, communication, fairness, organised, appearance, personality
List 3 extreme environmental conditions?
Heat, dust, snow, pressure, altitude, cold
What is the difference between a strain and a sprain?
Strain - tear in muscle
Sprain - tear of a ligament around a joint
Name 2 environmental injuries
Frostbite, hypothermia, hyperthermia, heat stroke, exposure
Give 3 tips for carrying heavy objects safely
Grip, back straight, use legs, watch feet to avoid tripping
List 2 rules from any sport designed to make the game safer
Football - no 2 footed tackles
Cricket - no beamers to be bowled
Rugby - no tackles above shoulders
Name the 2 different types of fatigue
Mental and physical
List 3 factors that cause fatigue
Diet, lack of sleep, environmental factors, stress, depression
Name the 2 different forms of aggression giving an example for each
Direct - football
Indirect - tennis
Name the 2 different forms of motivation giving an example for each
Internal motivation - personal pride, will to win
External motivation - money, trophy, fame
Name 2 lifetime sports
Swimming and golf
Lost 3 reasons why we have more leisure time
Computers, flexible working hours, Internet, domestic appliances, people living longer
The leisure industry is spilt into two sectors, what are they?
Public and private
Give an example of each
Public - leisure centre, non profit making
Private - gym, profit making, charge membership, better facilities
List 3 user groups of a facility
Senior citizens, toddlers, juniors, adults, disabled
Give 2 forms of training you would use in the 2 different training zones
Aerobic - continuous training
Anaerobic - Fartlek training
How would you calculate your maximum heart rate?
220-your age
When using the principles of training (SPORT) how do you overload?
Increase FIT
frequency, intensity and time
List the 6 ways you can recover from exercise?
Cool down, stretching, ice bath, food, sleep, massage, drink
Name a seasonal and an all year round sport?
Football
Tennis
Why do athletes use altitude training?
Increases the stamina and cardio- vascular fitness
What are the different competition types?
Round robin, knockout, combined, league and ladder
Advantages and disadvantages of staging a major sporting event?
Advantages: profit, new stadiums, morale, improved facilities, jobs, tourism
Disadvantages: crime, debt, terrorism, empty stadiums, weather, congestion, pressure
List 3 positive/negative impacts the media has had on sport?
Positive: increased revenue, educates viewers, can increase population of a sport
Negative: intrusion, undermining officials, edited coverage
Name 3 cross curricular links that PE has with other subjects
Geography - orienteering / bearings / map reading / weather patterns
Science - the body / skeleton / muscles / blood
Food - diets / obesity / protein / carbohydrate loading
What is the difference between an amateur and a professional?
Pro - gets paid, it is their job
Amateur - hobby pays to play, done in spare time
What is a role model? Give 3 things they should do
Role models are looked up to and idolised, people want to be like them
Respect the game, devote time to good causes, and avoid bad behaviour
What does the youth sports trust do?
Manages national sports competitions / develops leaders and volunteers / ensure top quality PE teaching
Name 5 roles of sport england?
Increases participation in sport / supports elite athletes / funds facilities / measures participation rates / identifies priority groups / changes life habits
What are the 4 core themes of a healthy schools programme?
PSHE, healthy eating, physical activity and emotional health and well being
What is the role of the schools food trust?
Improve quality of food in schools and education of children
What do schools have to include in their food policy?
Adequate eating time, nice areas, water, theme days, healthy vending machines
What are two advantages of a city staging an Olympic Games?
Increases tourism / job creation / improved transportation / enhanced image
State two reasons why regular exercise makes you healthy?
Increase physical/social/metal- well being / reduces obesity / controls blood pressure / avoids risk of heart disease / reduces risk of diabetes / stronger bones
Identify two roles with GCSE PE and explain how you gain benefits from adopting them?
Performer > skills mastery / fitness gains / improved decision making
Official > increased knowledge / decision making / confidence / communication
State 3 individual differences which can affect how much exercise you do?
Age / gender / body type / disability
How can wearing the correct footwear make participation in sport safer?
Correct grip on footwear can reduce risk of injuries by slipping / ankle support can reduce the risk of sprained ligaments in the ankle
How can following the rules of a sport make participation safer?
Roles ensure in sport > high tackles in rugby or tackles from behind in football are not allowed as will increase the potential risk of an injury
Identify one type of media and explain two positive effects it can have?
Internet - educates and informs the public/ creates role models in sport which will then increase participation rates
State four safety measures when lifting equipment?
Keep your back straight Lift with your legs Co-ordinate the lift Firm grip Avoid tripping over obstacles Hold close to your body
Explain how a warm up can prevent injuries?
Increase blood flow to the muscles which triggers a temperature rise in the muscles - muscle becomes more flexible and as a result the risk of a strained muscle or sprained ligament is reduced
Explain what meant by hypothermia?
Hypothermia is when the body temperature is below 35 degrees, caused by extreme weather conditions and poorly clothed athletes
What does the national curriculum for PE attempt to achieve?
Develop competence in skills, ensure pupils can sustain activity levels, ensure competitiveness, contribute to lifelong healthy lifestyles
How is PE offered with a school?
Ideally 2 hours of curriculum PE, trips, lunchtime clubs, house matches, sports awards, GCSE courses
