Key Terms Flashcards
Accreditation?
Formal qualification which certifies your levels of achievement.
Abduction?
The movement of a bone or limb away from the body
Activity choices?
Reasons for taking part in sport including (enjoyment/company/improve fitness/relaxation/excitement)
Activity levels?
The rate at which a person takes place in physically demanding activities which have health and fitness benefits
Adduction?
The movement of a bone or limb towards the body
Aerobic exercise?
Respiration in the presence of O2 > (glucose + O2 = energy + carbon dioxide + water) e.g. Marathon running
Age?
Physiological factor which can influence participation and performance
Aggression?
Direct aggression results in physical contact (rugby tackle) whilst indirect aggression results in no direct contact (tennis serve)
Agility?
The combination of flexibility and speed allowing a performer to swiftly change body position, direction and speed (slalom skier)
Agonist?
The main muscle that contracts to allow a movement
Amateur?
Someone who takes part in sport as a hobby rather than financial gain
Anaerobic exercise?
Respiration without the presence of O2 > glucose = energy + lactic acid, e.g. 100m sprinting
Anorexia?
Being extremely underweight with an extremely low % of body fat
Antagonist?
The muscle that relaxes to allow a movement to take place
Arousal?
The state of readiness of a performer
Arteries?
Thick walled vessels which carry blood at high pressure away from the heart
Balance?
Ability to retain the centre of mass of the body above the base of support (handstand in gymnastics)
Balanced diet?
Eating the correct mix of fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins, minerals, fibre and water
Blood function?
Transportation of O2 (red cells), glucose, waste products, temperature control, clotting blood (platelets) and fighting infection ( white cells)
Capillaries?
Minute blood vessels which allow O2 / CO2 / waste products chance to pass through their thin walls
Carbo - loading?
Eating high starch foods to increase carbohydrate reserves in muscles and liver
Circuit training?
A flexible and versatile training method where stations are set out and performers exercise for set periods of time
Competition types?
Various types of competitions exist such as leagues / knockouts / ladders / combined events
Continuous training?
Improves stamina and endurance by exercising at a level that keeps heart rate sustained for long periods of time
Co-ordination?
Ability to link all parts of a movement into one smooth efficient movement using two or more body parts
Culture?
The ideas and customs and social behaviour of a group of people in society
CV system?
Circulatory (heart / vessels) and respiratory (lungs) working together to get O2 and energy to cells and taking away waste products
Dehydration?
A loss of water from the body
Disability?
Physical, mental or permanent factor which can restrict performances in sport. Equipment and activities adapted
DKH trust?
Scheme to get young lives on track on track by elite sports role models inspiring youngsters (NEET’s) into education, jobs and training schemes
Dynamic strength?
Strength an individual needs to sustain their own body weight over a prolonged period of time
Environment?
Factors which can affect participation and performance in sport (weather / pollution / altitude / humidity / terrain)
Ethic?
Relating to a group of people with a common national of cultural tradition
Etiquette?
The unwritten rules or conventions of any activity
Exercise?
Activity that requires physical or mental exertion, especially when performed to develop of maintain fitness
Explosive strength?
Muscular strength used in one short sharp explosive movement (long jumper leaving the take off board)
Extension?
When the angle between two bones increases
Extreme environment?
Condition which puts extra strain on the body during physical activity (altitude / humidity / temperature)
Family?
Parents or blood relations who can have a positive or negative effect on participation rates in sport
Fartlek training?
Training which involves varying the intensity ( walking / brisk walking / jogging / running / sprinting)
Fatigue?
A feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness brought on by extreme exertion
Fats?
Are a source of energy at rest and insulation for the body
Feedback?
Needed to learn a skill ( intrinsic knowledge of performance - sensed by performer) (extrinsic knowledge of results - external such as coach or crowd
Fibre?
Aids digestion by pushing foods through the digestive system
Fitness testing?
Tests required to measure components of fitness ( flexibility / stamina / strength / agility / co-ordination / balance / power / reaction time)
Flexibility?
Range of movement around a joint
Flexion?
When the angle between two bones decreases
Funding streams?
Any form of funding that a performer is able to obtain ( national lottery / NGB’s / sponsorship / sport England)
Gamesmanship?
Bending the rules of sport to disrupt the concentration and performance of your opponents
Gender?
Physiological differences which can influence participation and performance (body fat / muscle mass / aerobic capacity / bones)