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P.E. > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

0
Q

Accreditation?

A

Formal qualification which certifies your levels of achievement.

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1
Q

Abduction?

A

The movement of a bone or limb away from the body

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2
Q

Activity choices?

A

Reasons for taking part in sport including (enjoyment/company/improve fitness/relaxation/excitement)

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3
Q

Activity levels?

A

The rate at which a person takes place in physically demanding activities which have health and fitness benefits

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4
Q

Adduction?

A

The movement of a bone or limb towards the body

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5
Q

Aerobic exercise?

A

Respiration in the presence of O2 > (glucose + O2 = energy + carbon dioxide + water) e.g. Marathon running

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6
Q

Age?

A

Physiological factor which can influence participation and performance

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7
Q

Aggression?

A

Direct aggression results in physical contact (rugby tackle) whilst indirect aggression results in no direct contact (tennis serve)

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8
Q

Agility?

A

The combination of flexibility and speed allowing a performer to swiftly change body position, direction and speed (slalom skier)

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9
Q

Agonist?

A

The main muscle that contracts to allow a movement

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10
Q

Amateur?

A

Someone who takes part in sport as a hobby rather than financial gain

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11
Q

Anaerobic exercise?

A

Respiration without the presence of O2 > glucose = energy + lactic acid, e.g. 100m sprinting

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12
Q

Anorexia?

A

Being extremely underweight with an extremely low % of body fat

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13
Q

Antagonist?

A

The muscle that relaxes to allow a movement to take place

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14
Q

Arousal?

A

The state of readiness of a performer

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15
Q

Arteries?

A

Thick walled vessels which carry blood at high pressure away from the heart

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16
Q

Balance?

A

Ability to retain the centre of mass of the body above the base of support (handstand in gymnastics)

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17
Q

Balanced diet?

A

Eating the correct mix of fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins, minerals, fibre and water

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18
Q

Blood function?

A

Transportation of O2 (red cells), glucose, waste products, temperature control, clotting blood (platelets) and fighting infection ( white cells)

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19
Q

Capillaries?

A

Minute blood vessels which allow O2 / CO2 / waste products chance to pass through their thin walls

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20
Q

Carbo - loading?

A

Eating high starch foods to increase carbohydrate reserves in muscles and liver

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21
Q

Circuit training?

A

A flexible and versatile training method where stations are set out and performers exercise for set periods of time

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22
Q

Competition types?

A

Various types of competitions exist such as leagues / knockouts / ladders / combined events

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23
Q

Continuous training?

A

Improves stamina and endurance by exercising at a level that keeps heart rate sustained for long periods of time

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24
Q

Co-ordination?

A

Ability to link all parts of a movement into one smooth efficient movement using two or more body parts

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25
Q

Culture?

A

The ideas and customs and social behaviour of a group of people in society

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26
Q

CV system?

A

Circulatory (heart / vessels) and respiratory (lungs) working together to get O2 and energy to cells and taking away waste products

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27
Q

Dehydration?

A

A loss of water from the body

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28
Q

Disability?

A

Physical, mental or permanent factor which can restrict performances in sport. Equipment and activities adapted

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29
Q

DKH trust?

A

Scheme to get young lives on track on track by elite sports role models inspiring youngsters (NEET’s) into education, jobs and training schemes

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30
Q

Dynamic strength?

A

Strength an individual needs to sustain their own body weight over a prolonged period of time

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31
Q

Environment?

A

Factors which can affect participation and performance in sport (weather / pollution / altitude / humidity / terrain)

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32
Q

Ethic?

A

Relating to a group of people with a common national of cultural tradition

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33
Q

Etiquette?

A

The unwritten rules or conventions of any activity

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34
Q

Exercise?

A

Activity that requires physical or mental exertion, especially when performed to develop of maintain fitness

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35
Q

Explosive strength?

A

Muscular strength used in one short sharp explosive movement (long jumper leaving the take off board)

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36
Q

Extension?

A

When the angle between two bones increases

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37
Q

Extreme environment?

A

Condition which puts extra strain on the body during physical activity (altitude / humidity / temperature)

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38
Q

Family?

A

Parents or blood relations who can have a positive or negative effect on participation rates in sport

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39
Q

Fartlek training?

A

Training which involves varying the intensity ( walking / brisk walking / jogging / running / sprinting)

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40
Q

Fatigue?

A

A feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness brought on by extreme exertion

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41
Q

Fats?

A

Are a source of energy at rest and insulation for the body

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42
Q

Feedback?

A

Needed to learn a skill ( intrinsic knowledge of performance - sensed by performer) (extrinsic knowledge of results - external such as coach or crowd

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43
Q

Fibre?

A

Aids digestion by pushing foods through the digestive system

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44
Q

Fitness testing?

A

Tests required to measure components of fitness ( flexibility / stamina / strength / agility / co-ordination / balance / power / reaction time)

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45
Q

Flexibility?

A

Range of movement around a joint

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46
Q

Flexion?

A

When the angle between two bones decreases

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47
Q

Funding streams?

A

Any form of funding that a performer is able to obtain ( national lottery / NGB’s / sponsorship / sport England)

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48
Q

Gamesmanship?

A

Bending the rules of sport to disrupt the concentration and performance of your opponents

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49
Q

Gender?

A

Physiological differences which can influence participation and performance (body fat / muscle mass / aerobic capacity / bones)

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50
Q

General fitness?

A

Fitness requirements to cope with everyday life (speed, strength, suppleness, somatotype, stamina)

51
Q

Guidance?

A

Guidance needed to learn a skill ( visual - demonstration) (verbal - being told) (manual - being physically guided)

52
Q

Health?

A

State of complete physical, social and mental well being and not only the absence of illness and disease

53
Q

Healthy eating?

A

Initiative in schools to enhance health through a balanced diet (standards / eating times / drinking water / food displays)

54
Q

Healthy schools?

A

A whole school initiative to pupils well being ( physical activity, PSHE, healthy eating, emotional health and well being)

55
Q

Heart?

A

Muscular pump which pumps blood around the body. Part of the circulatory system

56
Q

Heart rate?

A

The number of times the heart beats in a minute ( 220- age

57
Q

ICT analysis?

A

ICT such as (tablets. Cyclops, hawk eye, flip cams, HD cameras) used to analyse performance and improve knowledge

58
Q

Increased leisure time?

A

Increases caused by technological advances (online banking, dish washers) higher unemployment, more part time work

59
Q

International events?

A

Such as the Olympics can be:
+ = makes money, create legacy, creates jobs, increase status of country.
- = security, debt, boycotts

60
Q

Interval training?

A

Training which involves work (running 100%) and rest. Ideal for sprinters/ games players to develop speed

61
Q

Joint?

A

Connection point between two bones where movement takes place

62
Q

Joint system?

A

Joints responsible for movement patterns ( ball and socket = abduction, adduction and rotation)

63
Q

Leisure sectors?

A

Leisure sectors are private (memberships/ profit run/ privately owned) and public (local authorities/ low fees/ non profit/ often free)

64
Q

Leisure time?

A

Free time you have when not at work

65
Q

Ligaments?

A

Fibres which attach bone to bone

66
Q

Media?

A

Mass communications network (TV/ radio/ Internet) can be responsible in shaping participation rates in sport

67
Q

Metabolic rate?

A

The biochemical rate at which your body burns calories at rest or during exercise

68
Q

Minerals?

A

Maintain good health (iron= transport of O2 by red blood cells) (calcium = essential for strong bones) (iodine = needed for thyroid function)

69
Q

Motivation?

A

Your drive to succeed and desire to achieve something

70
Q

Muscle tone?

A

The tension which remains in a muscle even at rest

71
Q

Muscular endurance?

A

Ability of a Muscle to keep working against a resistance (climber on a steep climb)

72
Q

National curriculum?

A

Legal government requirement to teach PE/ 2 hours of PE/ GCSE courses / increasing resilience and fitness levels

73
Q

NGB’s?

A

Provides a support network for

  1. Coaching
  2. Officiating
  3. Talent development
  4. Competitions
  5. Rules and discipline
74
Q

Obesity?

A

Being extremely overweight with an extreme % of body fat such that it affects your health and well being

75
Q

Olympic Games?

A

Highest profile sporting event / started 1896

76
Q

Outdoor recreation?

A

Activities which involve an element of risk or challenge often in a natural environment (skiing/ whitewater rafting)

77
Q

Overload?

A

Making your body work harder (increase FIT) in order to adapt and create fitness gains

78
Q

Oxygen debt?

A

Caused during anaerobic activity when O2 does not get to muscles resulting in lactic acid build up (during recovery oxygen debt is paid back)

79
Q

Pathways?

A

Routes in which you can get involved with sport

80
Q

Peers?

A

People who are the same age and status as you

81
Q

Physical recreation?

A

Activities taken part in for own reward and enjoyment not necessarily competitive (hill walking)

82
Q

Physiological factor?

A

One that affects your living body (gender, age, somatotype, disability)

83
Q

Plateauing?

A

An athlete not progressing and seeming to get improve their fitness or level of skill

84
Q

Power?

A

The combination of maximum speed with maximum strength

85
Q

Practice?

A

Methods include (whole- entire skilled done) (part- specific chunk looked at) (fixed- training controlled) (variable- changeable game style)

86
Q

Professional?

A

Someone who takes part in sport as a means of earning heir livelihood. They are paid and it is their full time job

87
Q

Progression?

A

gradually increase the amount of training you do to ensure gains are achieved

88
Q

Protein diet?

A

Diet made up of high % protein (chicken, milk, eggs, fish, red meat) to aid the recovery of muscle growth after exercise

89
Q

Pulse rate?

A

The rate per minute at which the heart beats (located on wrist/ neck) increases as a result of exercise

90
Q

Reaction time?

A

How quickly a performer reacts to a stimulus (reaction to starting pistol in 100m race)

91
Q

Reversibility?

A

The loss of positive fitness effects due to lack of training (injury, closed season)

92
Q

RICE?

A

Treatment for muscle, ligament and tendon injuries (rest, ice, compression, elevation)

93
Q

Risk assessment?

A

Potential hazards and dangers identified before an activity gets underway

94
Q

Role model?

A

A sportsperson who is idolised and whose behaviour is often cooed by others

95
Q

Roles?

A

Within PE and sport you can take part in various roles such as performer, leader, coach, organiser, official

96
Q

Safe practice?

A

Ensuring that general rules are adhered to reduce risk of injuries (jewellery not worn, equipment checks)

97
Q

Sedentary lifestyle?

A

Sitting down or being physically inactive for long periods of time

98
Q

Skeletal system?

A

Main bones responsible for support, protection, and movement

99
Q

Skill acquisition?

A

Dependent on the environment (open skills changing environment - Tennis volley) or (closed skill static environment - indoor archery)

100
Q

Socio-economic?

A

A combination of the amount of income and status an individual has

101
Q

Somatotype?

A

Body type (ectomorph, mesomorph, endomorph)

102
Q

Specific fitness?

A

Levels of fitness required to be an international standard Athlete

103
Q

Specificity?

A

The type of training or activity you use to build up fitness and skill levels

104
Q

Speed?

A

The ability to move all parts of the body as quickly as possible (100m sprinter)

105
Q

Sponsorship?

A

Advertisement of a product in return for financial reward (accessories, clothing, equipment, entry fees, transport)

106
Q

Sport England?

A

Government agency providing funding for schools and NGB’s, facility development, measuring participation, centres of excellence)

107
Q

Sprain?

A

Overstretched or tearing of ligament at a joint

108
Q

Stamina?

A

Stamina or CV fitness (ability of heart and lungs to get O2 to muscles during exercise)

109
Q

Static strength?

A

The greatest amount of strength that can be applied to an immovable object (forward pushing against each other in a static rugby scrum)

110
Q

Strain?

A

The overstretching of a muscle

111
Q

Strength?

A

The maximal force that can be applied within a muscle during a single contraction

112
Q

Stress?

A

The body’s reaction to a demand that requires a physical and mental response

113
Q

Suppleness?

A

When muscles work together so that you can achieve the maximum range of movement

114
Q

Technology?

A

Positive application of science to sport such as (equipment changes, materials like carbon fibre, facilities, hawk eye, goal line technology)

115
Q

Tendons?

A

Very strong cords that join muscle to bone

116
Q

Timing?

A

The ability to produce the correct movement at the optimum time to coincide the movement in relation to external factors (tennis serve)

117
Q

Training thresholds?

A

A heart rate zone which will start to improve fitness levels (anaerobic 80% + max heart rate) + (aerobic 60% + max heart rate)

118
Q

Unacceptable sponsorship?

A

Some sponsorship is unacceptable (alcohol, cigarettes, oil, fast food, as it associates itself with sport healthy brand

119
Q

User groups?

A

Public and private sectors targeting particular user groups (parents, toddlers, unemployed, females, OAP’s)

120
Q

Veins?

A

Thinner walled blood vessels carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart at a lower pressure

121
Q

Vitamins?

A

Maintain good health (vitamin A - healthy eyes/ skin) (vitamin C - immune system boost) (vitamin D- absorbs calcium for healthy bones

122
Q

Warm up and cool down?

A

Essential precaution to avoid injury. Three stages include aerobic activity/ stretches/ skill rehearsal

123
Q

Water?

A

Essential for survival and can prevent the body dehydrating and overheating

124
Q

Weight training?

A

Free weights used to improve muscle tone/ endurance/ power through a series of sets and repetitions

125
Q

X curricular activity?

A

Activity that takes place outside of timetable lessons such as lunchtime clubs or after school clubs

126
Q

Youth sports trust?

A

Change pupils lives through sport 1. Managing school sport competition. 2. Leadership and volunteering. 3. Programmes - bike ability

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