Questions From Quiz’s Flashcards
A numerical measure that characterizes how clustered or spread out the scores in a distribution are is _____.
A measure of variation or variability
If there are outliers in a distribution of scores, then the most useful numerical measure of central tendency is the ____.
Median
Numerical measures that characterize a distribution of scores by providing information on its central tendency or variability, its shape, or its width are ____.
Descriptive statistics
In computing a variance or standard deviation, when is N-1 used in the denominator?
When using data from a sample to make an estimate or an inference about a population
A numerical measure that characterizes the middle of a distribution of scores is ____.
A measure of central tendency
How does a one-tailed test differ from a two-tailed test? They differ in terms of ____.
Critical value used to determine statistical significance
The null hypothesis will be rejected if the computed/obtained value of the test statistic lies in ____ distribution of the test statistic.
Either the lower tail or the upper tail of the “null hypothesis true”
An extreme value of a test statistic _____.
Is likely to occur if the null hypothesis is false, and unlikely to occur if the null hypothesis is true
If there is no effect of an independent variable in a population, but sample data show a significant effect then ____.
A type 1 error will be made
What is median?
The middle number in a sorted list of numbers
What does a t-value or t-statistic represent?
The variation between the means of two treatment conditions relative to (divided by) the variation among the scores within each treatment condition
How does a researcher create an equivalent control group?
Randomly decide which participants serve in the control group and which participants serve in any experimental group, so that each participant has an equal probability of ending up in either group
When we say that we are interested in the variation among the means of each treatment condition, this is equivalent to saying we are interested in ____.
How the mean of each treatment condition varies from the grand mean
The correlated groups t-test is used to analyze the data from what type of design?
Within subjects or matched subjects
Sometimes people perform differently in a later treatment condition because they were influenced somehow by the nature of an earliest treatment condition. That is their specific experience in the earlier condition affected their performance in the later condition. This is also known as ____.
A carryover effect
