questions from quiz

Question 1

Information processing systems can be analysed at each of three levels. Which level of analysis does folk psychology reflect?

Answer 1

Functional (computational) level.

Question 2

Which of the following distinguishes connectionism from earlier associative approaches?

Answer 2

Hidden layers

Question 3

If a social engineer were to focus only on the environment in which social interactions occur, what sort of theoretical bias would this suggest?

Answer 3

Associationism

Question 4

Which of the following is true if the classical approach is correct?

Answer 4

Mental activity has a finite expressive power.

Sensory input must be first categorised into a particular format.

Question 5

In Modularity Theory, what is not a property of a module?

Answer 5

Top-down processing

Question 6

Which of the following is a property of the central system?

Answer 6

Isotropic Principle

Question 7

The Modality Effect refers to _____.

Answer 7

a consequence of the relative durations of the iconic and echoic sensory stores.

Question 8

Cherry (1953) first used the task known as the “shadowing technique”. The initial purpose of this was _____.

Answer 8

to ensure that the subject is only attending to one ear

Question 9

Gestalt principles are based on _____.

Answer 9

a. mental architecture

b. most parsimonious solution

Question 10

Primacy and recency effects have been used to distinguish between _____.

Answer 10

different vertically organised memories

Question 11

New research by Cowan has shown that the capacity of items in working memory may be closest to

Answer 11

3 to 5 items

Question 12

Which encoding instructions are likely to lead to better recall?

Answer 12

Does the word describe me?

Question 13

If given ‘table-SNAKE’ in a study phase which of the following cues would lead to a greater likelihood of retrieving the second word?

Answer 13

table

Question 14

Hans is depressed because he has just broken up with his girlfriend. He tries to cheer himself up by recalling happy times, but can only seem to recall other sad experiences in his life. This is most likely due to _____.

Answer 14

state dependent effects

Question 15

Which of the following does digit span provide a measure of?

Answer 15

Passive working memory measure

Question 16

Assume the explanation offered by Loftus for the misinformation effect would be amenable to the connectionist approach. Which of the following would describe such an explanation?

Answer 16

Subsequent information directly modifies the memory for an earlier event.

Question 17

__________ are a set of components, each of which is an essential element of a given concept, and which together compose the properties that uniquely define the concept.

Answer 17

Defining features

Question 18

Which of the following is a property of semantic memory?

Answer 18

a. It is organized by content.
b. Information is not directly tied to a source.
c. It allows us to make inferences about properties of concepts.

Question 19

A prototypical approach defines a category in terms of _____.

Answer 19

the average across instances

Question 20

A critical difference between the propositional approach and the mental model approach to conscious thought is _____.

Answer 20

the content of the problem will influence the latter

Question 21

Kosslyn’s work on mental imagery found that _____.

Answer 21

people take longer to mentally travel longer distances than shorter distances

Question 22

In the McClelland and Rumelhart parallel distributed processing (PDP) model of memory, for two units, X and Y, with a connection between them, _____.

Answer 22

if the weight of the connection is zero, then activating X will have no effect on Y

Question 23

Which statement best describes the relation between “concept” and “category”?

Answer 23

A concept is a mental representation of a category.

Question 24

Prototype models in classification are to exemplar models as _____.

Answer 24

averages are to instances

Question 25

A theory-based account of concepts would claim that the relationship between a concept and an instance is analogous to the relationship between _____.

Answer 25

a theory and data

Question 26

Johnson-Laird’s mental models approach suggests that when people are presented with abstract reasoning problems

Answer 26

they try to translate them into more concrete models or images of specific situations.

Question 27

The form of representation of a problem matters because of _____.

Answer 27

internal coherence and correspondence to the problem

Question 28

Problem solving heuristics are useful because they _____.

Answer 28

reduce the size of the problem space

Question 29

On the basis of functional fixedness, why should people fail to solve the problem of attaching the candle to the wall?

Answer 29

Because their representations did not include the box as part of the solution.

Question 30

Which of the following are ways in which earlier problems might be made more accessible in solving later problems?

Answer 30

a. Increasing the similarity of content.
b. Abstracting the content and improving understanding.
c. Increasing the similarity of representation and mode of processing

Question 31

If I judge that 5,2,7,4,3,6' is a better example of a random selection of 6 numbers than is 2,3,4,5,6,7’, I am using the _____.

Answer 31

representativeness heuristic

Question 32

The Natural Method is a means of investigating consciousness by combining three areas of study. These are _____.

Answer 32

Structuralism, Psychology, Neuroscience

Question 33

Connectionism provides a(n) _____ account of consciousness.

Answer 33

monist