Questions Chapter 1 (pt 1)

Question 1

What are the basic building blocks of proteins?

Answer 1

Amino Acids

Question 2

What determines an amino acids chemical nature?

Answer 2

Its R-group

Question 3

How do amino acids link together?

Answer 3

Via peptide bonds to form peptides and proteins

Question 4

How may proteins be categorized?

Answer 4

1. Enzymes
2. Structural proteins
3. Motor proteins
4. Transport/channel proteins

Question 5

Describe essential

Answer 5

Must be obtained directly from food

Question 6

Describe Non-essential

Answer 6

The human body is able to produce them on its own

Question 7

In amino acids, what are the four components that are linked with a central carbon?

Answer 7

1. Amino group (NH2)
2. Carboxylic acid group (COOH)
3. Hydrogen atom (H)
4. R-group (varies)

Question 8

What are the four R-group characteristics?

Answer 8

1. Hydrophobic
2. Hydrophilic
3. Charged
4. Special

Question 9

With partial charges from the hydroxl (OH-) or amino (NH3+) parts of these R-groups, these amino acids prefer to be at or near the surface of a protein.

Answer 9

Hydrophilic R-groups

Question 10

The amino acids in this R-group prefer to be inside a folded protein or covered by another part of a protein or lipid membrane.

Answer 10

Hydrophobic R-groups

Question 11

In this R-group, there are four amino acids with special qualities.

Answer 11

Special R-groups

Question 12

Either positively or negatively charged, the amino acids in this R-group, prefer to be at the surface of a folded protein or in contact with other charged atoms/molecules

Answer 12

Charged R-groups

Question 13

Why is cysteine bonding with another cysteine, so important?

Answer 13

It forms cystine (a stong disulfide bond), which is important for strong structures such as keratin (found in fingernails)

Question 14

Which amino acid has a sulfur group, but does not make disulfide bonds?

Answer 14

Methionine

Question 15

What is a peptide bond?

Answer 15

a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O) (condensation)

Question 16

Which amino acid has a unique imidazole ring containing two nitrogen atoms that can react and make or break bonds?

Answer 16

Histidine

Question 17

What five factors affect basic protein structure?

Answer 17

1. Amino Acid Composition
2. Special Amino Acids
3. Functional Sites
4. Final Modifications
5. Final Destination

Question 18

Which factor will affect a protein structure, based off of extra amino acids being modified or removed during the maturation of the protein?

Answer 18

Final Modification

Question 19

Which factor will affect a protein structure, based off of proline, cysteine, and/or methionine exerting effects on protein folding due to resulting bends and disulfide bonds?

Answer 19

Special Amino Acids

Question 20

Which factor will affect a protein structure, based off of Whether the R-group of each amino acid wants to be away from, near or in contact with water at the surface of the folded protein?

Answer 20

Amino Acid Composition

Question 21

Which factor will affect a protein structure, based off of structural proteins that catalyze a reaction, usually containing specific amino acids that are important for a proteins particular function?

Answer 21

Functioanl sites

Question 22

Which factor will affect a protein structure, based off of Whether the protein will end up in a aqueous solution or in a membrane?

Answer 22

Final destination

Question 23

What are the hydrophobic amino acids?

Answer 23

Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan

Question 24

What are the hydrophilic amino acids?

Answer 24

Serine, Threonine, Asparagine, Glutamine

Question 25

What are the charged amino acids?

Answer 25

Tyrosine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Lysine, Arginine

Question 26

What are the special amino acids?

Answer 26

Proline, Cysteine, Methionine, and Histidine