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Breast RIA > questions > Flashcards

questions Flashcards

1
Q

criteria if which present warrants treatment for mastitis

A
  • systemically unwell
  • nipple fissure present
  • symptoms not improving after 12-24 hours of effective milk removed
  • culture indicates infection
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2
Q

Breast cancer referral for a woman over 30?

A

have an unexplained breast lump (with or without pain)

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3
Q

Breast cancer referral for a woman over 50? with what symptoms in a single nipple?

A
  • discharge
  • retraction
    any other concerning changes
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4
Q

pattern of eczematous skin changes occuring in

a) pagets disease
b) eczema

A

in Pagets: involves the nipple primarily and only latterly spreads to the areolar

opposite in eczema

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5
Q

how is diagnosis of pagets disease of breast made?

A
  • punch biopsy
  • mammogram
  • USS
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6
Q

prior to surgery what is the management in presence & absence of palpable axillary lymphadenopathy?

A
  • palpable: axillary node clearance at primary surgery

- non palpable: pre-operative axillary ultrasound

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7
Q

management if woman with no palpable axillary lymphadenopathy has pre-operative axillary ultrasound
- if positive
?

A

positive: sentinel node biopsy?

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8
Q

4 types of breast cancer features that make wide local excision the choice of surgery over mastectomy?

A
  • solitary lesion
  • peripheral tumour
  • small lesion in large breast
  • DCIS < 4cm
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9
Q

4 types of breast cancer features that make mastectomy the choice of surgery over wide local excision?

A
  • multifocal tumour
  • central tumour
  • large lesion in small breast
  • DCIS > 4 cm
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10
Q

what treatment should always be offered following wide local excision & why?

A

radiotherapy

as this may reduce the recurrence by 2/3rds.

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11
Q

which women require radiotherapy following mastectomy?

A

for T3-T4 tumours

and those with 4 or more positive axillary lymph nodes

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12
Q

hormonal therapy of choice for post menopausal women with oestrogen receptor positive tumours?

A

Aromatase inhibitors = anastrozole or letrozole

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13
Q

important side effects of tamoxifen?

A
  • VTE
  • Menopausal symptoms
  • increased risk of endometrial cancer
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14
Q

who is contraindicated for trastuzumab?

A
  • patients with a hx of heart disorders
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15
Q

when can neoadjuvant chemo be used?

A

either prior or after surgery in a number of criteria e.g. if have axillary node disease

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16
Q

marker used to montor response to breast cancer treatment & disease recurrence

A

CA 15-3

17
Q

apearance of breast in inflammatory breast cancer

A

progressive, erythema and oedema of the breast

18
Q

typical symptoms of duct ectasia?

A
  • greenish nipple discharge
  • peri-areolar lump
  • around menopause
  • slit like retraction of nipple
  • cheese like discahrge
19
Q

why does duct ectasia occur?

A

reflects a shortening and widening of the terminal breast ducts around th enipple

20
Q

discrete soft fluctuant areas in UOQ & mammogram halo sign

A

breast cyst

21
Q

what is the major adverse effect of aromatase inhibitors?

A

osteoporosis

22
Q

episode of clear nipple discharge which has blood when tested & originates from a single duct

A

intraductal papilloma

23
Q

comedo necrosis

A

feature of high nuclear grade ductal carcinoma in situ

24
Q

grey gelatinious surface when lump is sliced apart

A

mucinous carcinoma

25
Q

Most common in middle-aged women

‘Lumpy’ breasts which may be painful. Symptoms may worsen prior to menstruation

A

Fibroadenosis

fibrocystic disease, benign mammary dysplasia

26
Q

whos given trastuzumab?

A

HER2 positive

27
Q

blood stained discharge is most likely associated with:

A

duct papilloma

28
Q

what does ‘snowstorm’ sign on ultrasound of axillary lymph nodes indicate?

A

extracapsular breast implant rupture?

29
Q

fibroadenoma > 3 cm and causing patient moderate discomfort?

A

surgical excision

30
Q

side effects of tamoxifen (4)

A
  • post menopausal symptoms (vaginal dryness, nausea, low libido, hot flushes)
  • cataracts
  • DVT
  • endometrial thickening
31
Q

when other than breast ca may tamoxifen or danazol be indicated?

A

severe, prolonged cyclical breast pain which hasn’t improved with standard treatment

32
Q

risk factors for non breastfeeding breast abscess

A
  • smoking
  • diabetes
  • nipple piervcing
  • immunocomprimised
33
Q

tramline’ appearance of breast arterial calcification

A

associated with increasing age, diabetes, CVD

34
Q

what drug can be used for chemoprevention in women with BRCA gene mutation

A

tamoxifen

Breast RIA (8 decks)

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