Ductal carcinoma in situ + family testing Flashcards

1
Q

what is calcification

A

small specks of calcium salts that form in the breast tissue

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2
Q

what is important to rule out when calcification seen on mammogram?

A

ductal carcinoma in situ

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3
Q

what can calcification also be seen with?

A

benign changes in the breast such as cysts + fibroadenoma

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4
Q

what is DCIS

A

formation of microcalcification in the milk ducts

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5
Q

4 steps when investigating with suspicion of DCIS

A

1 - Mammogram
2 - USS
3 - stereotactic core biopsy
4 - biopsy

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6
Q

what is the microcalcification on mammography due to

A

necrotic cancer cells within the centre of the milk duct

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7
Q

management of DCIS

A

surgery to remove cancer cells to reduce the risk of them spreading and causing invasive ductal carcinoma

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8
Q

Sterotactic wire localisation

A

x ray guided wide local excision of microcalclification with a localisation wire in place

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9
Q

mother, father, siblings and children are classes as…

A

1st degree relatives

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10
Q

lifetime risk of breast cancer for females + males

A
females = 1 in 8 
males = 1 in 870
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11
Q

refer to 2ndary care if: 1st degree ____ (3)

A
  • diagnosed with breast ca < 40 years
  • male diagnosed at any age
  • bilateral breast ca w/ the primary < 50 years
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12
Q

location of BRCA1 gene

A

chromosome 17

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13
Q

location of BRCA2 gene

A

chromosome 13

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14
Q

prognosis when prophylactic mastectomy for BRCA gene carrier

A

reduce risk by 90%

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15
Q

inheritance pattern on BRCA1

A

autosomal dominant

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16
Q

what is the % chance of inheriting a mutated gene from a parent who carries the mutated gene

A

50%

17
Q

what is the screening offered for BRCA1 positive female?

A

annual MRI
+
annual mammogram from 40 years