images Flashcards
white on mammogram
fibroglandular tissue
grey on mammogram
fatty tissue
what is coopers ligament
connective tissue in the breast that helps to maintain structural integrity
asymmetry
B - architectural distortion
C - microcalcification
D - mass
dense breasts
fatty breasts
multiple round masses of varying size in both breasts. masses are very well defined, have a black halo (benign appearance on mammography)
Appearance in keeping with cysts however requires an ultrasound to make a definitive diagnosis
imaging of choice in women < 40 years
ultrasound
A - skin
E - fatty tissue
B - fibroglandular tissue
D - pectoralis major muscle
C - rib
Well defined rounded mass with black, anechoic fluid centre
= cystic mass
Solid mass
(as on USS; solid tissue appears as varying shaded of grey)
Malignant mass
- irregular shaped, ill defined margins and invades across normal tissue planes indicated by the appearance of surrounding tissue
management of patients with normal pre operative axillary assessment
benign mass because:
- rounded shape
- well defined borders
- benign tissue tends to push the surrounding tissue out of the way
management of patients with normal pre operative axillary assessment
sentinel node biopsy
management of patients with abnormal axillary nodes on ultrasound + confirmed by core biopsy/FNA
axillary node clearance
what is a sentinel node?
the first of the axillary lymph nodes that will collect cancerous cells, if the cancerous breast cells have entered the lymphatic system
FNAC - normal breast ductal epithelial cells because; uniform in size and appearance, cohesive and contain regular round nuclei
FNAC - C5: malignant cells from breast carcinoma
- cells are scattered singly and contain varibaly sized irregular nuclei
- background contains cell debris (due to karyorrhexis which is breakdown of nuclei)
Core biopsy - normal breast tissue
core biopsy - invasive ductal carcinoma
advantages of core biopsy over FNAC
- interpretation does not require a highly trained and experienced pathologist
- can be easier to classify a malignant lesion as invasive or non invasive
- sample includes more tissue than in FNAC
- cytology preparations can ascertain receptor status of a cancer
benign fibroadenoma
benign neoplasm of both the stromal and epithelial cell components of the breast. Well circumscribed, non infiltrative lesion that lacks atypia
benign fibrocystic changes
(can fluctuate with hormonal changes)
