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1
Q

Counting the number of bacteria present in a sample can be useful for differentiating between colonization and significant infection in which specimen?

A

Urine

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2
Q

How many patients are estimated to die of Health-care associated infection every year?

A

5,000

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3
Q

What IS NOT a part of the standard precautions that should be used for infection prevention in a hospital setting?

A

Regular change of uniform

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4
Q

Which items of personal protective equipment (PPE) are required when caring for a patient infected with Clostridium difficile?

A

Aprons and gloves

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5
Q

What structure is unique to gram negative bacteria?

A

Outer membrane

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6
Q

What percentage of patients are likely to acquire an infection while in hospital?

A

10%

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7
Q

Which bacterial pathogen is the main cause of antibiotic associated diarrhoea?

A

Clostridium difficile

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8
Q

What are the structural features of E. coli and neisseria meningitidis?

A

E. coli is rod shaped, neisseria meningitidis is coccus shaped

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9
Q

Which part of the body is most heavily colonized by bacteria?

A

GI tract

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10
Q

What is the most appropriate method to decontaminate hands when caring for patients suffering Clostridium difficile infection?

A

Wash hands with soap and water after patient contact

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11
Q

The herpes virus is NOT…

A

Small and round

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12
Q

What cell type is mainly depleted during HIV/AIDS?

A

CD4+ T-Lymphocytes

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13
Q

Which antibiotic act on the bacterial cell wall?

A

Vancomycin

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14
Q

Which specimen should be collected using a swab?

A

Urethral discharge

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15
Q

Which virus is associated with causing cancer?

A

Epstein Barr Virus

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16
Q

What is the MAIN route of spread for hepatitis A virus?

A

Faecal/oral

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17
Q

Which organism is commonly associated with meningitis in young babies (one week old)?

A

Group B streptococcus

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18
Q

What is the leading cause of community acquired pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

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19
Q

What virus family does the mumps virus belong to?

A

Paramyoxoviruses

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20
Q

Which enteric organism is associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?

A

E. coli

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21
Q

Name a sample that needs to be taken from a patient with suspected Shigella infection

A

Faecal

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22
Q

Name a sample that has to be taken from an elderly patient from a care home being admitted for a hip replacement

A

Nasal swab

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23
Q

Name a sample that has to be taken from a patient who has been on long term antibiotics and presents with diarrhoea

A

Faecal

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24
Q

Name a sample that has to be taken from a 22 yr old student with suspected meningitis

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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25
Q

Name a sample that has to be taken from a hospitalized female patient who develops pyelonephritis

A

Clean catch urine

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26
Q

Which organism is the leading cause of tonsillitis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus)

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27
Q

Which organism is the main cause of impetigo?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

28
Q

Which organism is a common cause of medical device related infection?

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

29
Q

Which organism is one of the two most important causes of bacterial meningitis?

A

Steptococcus pneumoniae

30
Q

What condition causes urgency, pain and frequency associated with urination, blood in the urine and lower back pain?

A

Pyelonephritis

31
Q

What condition causes sudden onset of development of painful, red generalised area of skin that is hot and tender?

A

Cellulitis

32
Q

What condition causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea?

A

Salmonella enterica infection

33
Q

What condition causes purulent sputum, shortness of breath, cyanosis, chest pain and fever?

A

Pneumonia

34
Q

What condition causes fever, abdominal cramps and bloody diarrhoea that is full of mucous?

A

Bacillary dysentery

35
Q

An elderly patient in your care has been bedridden for three weeks and has developed pressure sores. These are now red and painful. What car pathway would you take?

A

Admit to general medical ward, initiate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), take a wound swab

36
Q

A baby arrives on your neonatal care unit presenting with fever, drowsiness and is very irritable. The mother is positive for group B streptococcus. What care pathway would you take?

A

Initiate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), take a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample

37
Q

An elderly patient arrives who has faecal incontinence and complains of pain that is limited to the bladder region. What care pathway would you take?

A

Admit to general medical ward, initiate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), take a urine sample

38
Q

An elderly patient in your care had emergency heart surgery and the wound is red, swollen and painful with a purulent exudate visible. The patient has been admitted to hospital four times in the last six months and has been taking antibiotics for a chest infection. What care pathway would you take?

A

Isolate patient in a side room, initiate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), take a blood sample and nasal swab, inform the Infection Prevention and Control Team

39
Q
  1. An elderly homeless man has been bought in with chest pain, fever and a high respiratory rate. He has a productive cough and his lips are a little blue. What care pathway would you take?
A

Admit to general medical ward, take blood and sputum samples, inform the Ward Sister

40
Q

When making up disinfectants by adding water, after how long should the solution made be thrown away?

A

24 hours

41
Q

Name the two most common causes of urinary tract infection

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Escherichia coli

42
Q

What IS NOT part of the standard precautions that should be used for infection prevention in a hospital setting?

A

Prophylactic antibiotics

43
Q

Which antibiotic acts on the bacterial cell walls?

A

Penicillin

44
Q

Items in contact with intact mucous membranes are considered, in terms of decontamination risks, to be

A

Medium risk

45
Q

In which infection can cohort nursing not be undertaken?

A

Pulmonary TB

46
Q

What proportion of health-care associated infections could be prevented by the use of good practice?

A

15-35

47
Q

In which situations can alcohol hand rub be used?

A

Before aseptic procedures where hands are visibly clean

48
Q

Which items of personal protective equipment (PPE) are required when caring for a patient infected with MRSA?

A

Apron and gloves

49
Q

Escherichia coli…

A

Is a gram negative rod-shaped organism

50
Q

What is NOT a link in the chain of infection?

A

Method of decontamination

51
Q

What is the most appropriate method to decontaminate physically soiled hands?

A

Wash hands with soap and water and then use an alcohol hand gel

52
Q

Which viral infection is associated with life-long persistence in the host?

A

Herpes simplex virus type 1

53
Q

What sample should be taken from a patient with a case of suspected shigella infection?

A

Faecal sample

54
Q

Name an organism associated with resistance to vancomycin

A

Enterococcus faecalis

55
Q

What method of hand decontamination would be recommended after caring for a patient with Clostridium difficile?

A

Liquid soap and water

56
Q

What method of hand decontamination would be recommended during an aseptic wound dressing after opening the sterile equipment?

A

Alcohol hand rub

57
Q

What method of hand decontamination would be recommended after removing gloves following catheter insertion?

A

Liquid soap and water

58
Q

What method of hand decontamination would be recommended before a surgical procedure as scrub nurse?

A

2 minute surgical scrub

59
Q

What method of hand decontamination would be recommended after changing soiled bed linen?

A

Liquid soap and water

60
Q

What PPE should be used when obtaining a blood sample from an MRSA positive patient?

A

Disposable plastic apron and non-sterile gloves

61
Q

What PPE should be used when inserting a urinary catheter?

A

Disposable plastic apron and sterile gloves

62
Q

What PPE should be used when using disinfectants?

A

Disposable plastic apron and non-sterile gloves

63
Q

What PPE should be used when caring for a patient with suspected multi-drug resistant pulmonary TB?

A

Non-sterile gloves, disposable plastic apron and face mask

64
Q

What PPE should be used when cleaning up a blood spill?

A

Disposable plastic apron and non-sterile gloves

65
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes…

A

Is gram positive and forms chains of cocci

66
Q

What PPE should be used when providingairway managementto a patient admitted with meningococcal meningitis?

A

Gloves, disposable plastic apron, face mask and goggles/face shield

Microbiology (9 decks)

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