Gram negative bacteria Flashcards
Whooping Cough
non enteric infection
Bordatella pertussis
Stage 1 = Catarrhal (1/2 weeks), runny nose, low grade fever, occasional cough, very contagious
Stage 2 = Paroxymal (1/6 weeks), ‘whoop’ sound cough, exhaustion
Stage 3 = Convalescent (2/3 weeks), susceptible to other respiratory infections
Transmitted through droplets in the air
Vaccination at 2m, 3m,4m, 40m
Treated with erythromycin
Bacterial Meningitis (gram -) (non enteric infection)
Inflammation of the lining of the brain
CSF culture to see if bacteria is in fluid
Haemophilus influenza (gram -):
- typical during early childhood
- capsulated vs. Non capsulated forms
Neisseria meningitides:
- symptoms: vomiting, dehydration, seizures, comas
Gonorrhoea
Gram-negative sexually transmitted infections, non enteric infection
Urethral infection: MEN -discharge, dysuria Rectal infection: -anal discharge, mainly asymptomatic Pharyngeal Endocervical infection: WOMEN - Frequently asymptomatic, vaginal discharge , lower abdominal pain Urethral infection: -may cause dysuria, rectal infection, usually asymptomatic Pharyngeal infection: Usually asymptomatic Complications: - may develop: pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, ectopic pregnancy, rare, but can spread to blood and joints, passage to baby during birth: neonatal conjunctivitis
Proteus
enteric infection
Colonisation and blockage of catheters
Proteus mirabilis:
- can cause UTIs, pneumonia
- encrustation of catheters, biofilm formation
Escherichia Coli
enteric infection
Bacteraemia (bugs in the blood)
GI infections, UTIs, neonatal meningitis
Transmission by uncooked meat, unpasteurised dairy products, contaminated fruit and veg
> E. coli UTI infections:
- positive identification of UTI = increased bacteria cell numbers, increased white blood cells
- types of UTIs: Cystitis (treated by GP), Pyelonephritis (severe lower back pain, fever), Urethritis
> Diarrhoeagenic E. coli:
- causes mild gastroenteritis to severe bloody diarrhoea, Haemolytic uremic syndrome
Salmonella
enteric infection
Self-limiting GI infections (diarrhoea) and enteric fever (typhoid)
Non-typhoidal salmonella:
- gastroenteritis and diarrhoea short clinical course of 10 days
Typhoidal salmonella:
- enteric fever, systemic infections, diarrhoea
- 3 week symptoms
Bacteraemia and sepsis
Bacteraemia = bugs in the blood, can lead to sepsis Sepsis = fever (>38c) or hypothermia (