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History Of Landscape Architecture > Questions > Flashcards

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0
Q

What formed the Carnac Manhirs in France?

A

Retreating glacier erosion.

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1
Q

Early civilizations believed that the cave was a sanctuary, and that specific sites had a specific sacred connotation, feel, or ‘spirit of place’. What was the term for this concept?

A

Genus loci

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2
Q

The Nazca Lines are designs inscribed on the ground, what are these lines called?

A

Geocliffs

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3
Q

Term for structures that imitate natural land forms, such as the Ziggurat of Ur?

A

Mimetic architecture.

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4
Q

Who designed the funerary complex of Queen Hatshepsut?

A

Senmut

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5
Q

Where are the casa grande ruins located?

A

Arizona

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6
Q

4 values of classical design

A
  1. Simplicity of form
  2. Harmonious proportion
  3. Ornament draw attention to important parts of structures.
  4. Symmetry
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7
Q

What did Hippodamus invent?

A

City planning

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8
Q

What did the Romans build to transept water to supply water for public baths, pools, fountains, etc?

A

Aqueducts

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9
Q

Which country did the Romans build Hadrian’s wall?

A

Scotland border

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10
Q

In which country is Alhambra located?

A

Spain

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11
Q

How many lion sculptures are in the fountain at court of lions?

A

12

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12
Q

What is a cordonata?

A

A gradual sloping road or pathway with cross stripes of brick or stone.

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13
Q

What is a bosco (Italian) or bosquet (French)?

A

A wooded area

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14
Q

What is a belvedere?

A

A high place in a garden for people to admire the beautiful view.

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15
Q

Methods Michelangelo used to design a cohesive space and create order from chaos on Capitoline Hill?

A
  1. Facades to unify - pilasters.
  2. Oval pavement design to break space.
  3. Statue in center - focal point.
  4. Entryway - arched gate from appian way.
16
Q

2 elements found in formal gardens that were also used in city squares.

A
  1. Center fountains.

2. Obelisks

17
Q

Who was appointed by Napoleon III in 1853 to “modernize” Paris?

A

Hosmen

18
Q

What is the French word that means town/city square?

A

Place

19
Q

When city governments began to improve their urban spaces, which garden feature was adapted for use to increase the usability and drama of the cityscape?

A

Allée

20
Q

The Nevsky is located in what city?

A

St. Petersburg

21
Q

What is a parterre de broderie

A

Garden bed with an embroidery like design of curlicues and swirls.

22
Q

The term for a fruit tree that is trained and and trimmed to spread out in a flat plane against a wall?

A

Pollarding

23
Q

What gardens did André Le Nôtre design?

A
  1. Versailles
  2. Les Jardin De Tuileries
  3. Chantilly
  4. Vaux-le-Vicomte
24
Q

Design principles of André Le Nôtre

A
  1. Garden visible as a while composition.
  2. House and gardens blended to be part of the while composition.
  3. Long avenues and expanses of water created a unified design.
  4. Fountains created rhythm, movement, and focal points.
  5. Used 3D geometry - flat planes of tapia vert, vertical planes of hedges, and overhead planes of trees.
  6. NOT picturesque.
25
Q

In what country did capability brown design park-like landscapes?

A

England

26
Q

What’s a folly?

A

Classical style buildings in English gardens meant only to be focal points. Not for use.

27
Q

What estates did capability brown design?

A
  1. Blenheim palace
  2. Stourhead
  3. Nuneham
  4. Chatsworth
28
Q

2 characteristics of capability brown’s design landscapes

A
  1. S-curves
  2. Free form lakes
  3. Grass all way up to the building.
  4. More natural than nature itself.
  5. Smooth topographic transitions.
  6. Gardenless form.
  7. Lots of grading.
29
Q

Design characteristics of English garden

A
  • grand scale.
  • gently rolling hills.
  • free-form lakes.
  • groves of trees.
  • a unified site plan.
  • use of s-curve.
30
Q

Design characteristics of Humphry Repton

A
  • Browns successor.
  • writer/artist.
  • came up with “landscape designer”.
  • blended garden to surrounding nature.
  • made “red books” for before/after views.
  • reintroduced more plan gardens.
31
Q

What’s “borrowed” landscape?

A

Using landscape outside of the garden to make it look bigger.

32
Q

Which wall has remained constant to the landscape of china since the 3rd c. BCE?

A

The Great Wall of china

33
Q

What were Yin and Yang in a Chinese garden?

A

Yin - tranquilizing female force: “water”

Yang - strong male force: “rock”

34
Q

What’s a scholar garden?

A

A place for study and contemplation.

35
Q

Chinese views of nature

A
  • life was to be lived in spiritual harmony of nature.
  • believed that there was a unity in nature, with all rings connected.
  • gardens were places of retreat for meditation as it was felt that there was spiritual fulfillment in nature.
36
Q

Characteristics of William Kent

A
  • use s-curves
  • saw gardens as “scenes”
  • started in stage painting.
  • did groupings of trees and follies
  • viniets were meant to be discovered.

History Of Landscape Architecture (6 decks)

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