Questions 221-330 Flashcards
Which food is highest in fiber?
a- cooked dried beans
b- tomato
c- wheat bread
d- lettuce
a- cooked dried beans
Which of the following is lowest in fat?
a- hamburger
b- salami
c- goat cheese
d- canadian bacon
d- canadian bacon
Which is true with osteoporosis?
a- it is more common in men than women
b- it is treated with 500mg calcium per day
c- it is common in those 65+ years old
d- weight bearing exercise exacerbates the problem
c- it is common in those 65+ years old
Open tube feeding should be disposed of after:
a- 48 hours
b- 24 hours
c- 6 hours
d- 3 hours
b- 24 hours
What is a guide for calculating water needs with tube feedings?
a- 1 cc water / 0.5 cals
b- 1 cc water / 1.0 cals
c- 1 cc water / 2.0 cals
d- 1 cc water / 3.0 cals
b- 1 cc water / 1.0 cals
Following a colectomy, the absorption of which of the following would be of most concern?
a- vit D and E
b- water and sodium
c- B vitamins
d- Vit C
b- water and sodium
According to diabetic exchange lists, which of the following is equivalent to 1 medium fat meat?
a- 4 oz tofu
b- 2 oz pork
c- 2 eggs
d- 2T Peanut butter
a- 4 oz tofu
A long term care patient has normal intestinal function but cannot eat. What tube feeding should you provide?
a- high protein, high calorie formula
b- isotonic lactose free formula
c- elemental formula
d- low fiber low fat formula
b- isotonic lactose free formula (normal function)
Which food should someone on an MAOI not eat?
a- cottage cheese
b- herbal tea
c- pepperoni
d- butter
c- pepperoni
If you have lactose intolerance, which food could you most likely tolerate?
a- whole milk
b- skim milk
c- ice cream
d- yogurt
d- yogurt
The normal range for HgbA1C is:
a- 1-2%
b- 4-6%
c- 10-12%
d- 35-40%
b- 4-6%
If a diabetic patient reduces his calorie intake from 2300 to 1800 calories per day, how much will he lose in 1 month?
a- 4 pounds
b- 6 pounds
c- 2 pounds
d- 8 pounds
a- 4 pounds
A spastic quadriplegic requires:
a- lower energy intake
b- fewer calories, increased fluid and fiber
c- increased fluid and fiber, acid ash diet
d- lower energy intake, acid ash diet
b- fewer calories, increased fluid and fiber
An athlete complains of weakness, rapid weight gain and muscle spasms. What may be the cause?
a- lack of adequate rest
b- too much exercise
c- carb loading
d- not enough iron
c- carb loading (remember this)
Who is most at risk from protein calorie malnutrition?
a- cancer patient on chemotherapy
b- patient with gastric ulcers
c- patient with Crohns disease
d- patient with megaloblastic anemia
a- cancer patient on chemotherapy
Patients with decubitus ulcers will likely demonstrate low:
a- serum sodium
b- serum albumin
c- serum potassium
d- serum glucose
b- serum albumin
NHANES III increased the number of participants in which age group?
a- infants and children
b- elderly
c- adolescents
d- pregnant women and infants
b- elderly
Which type of anemia is likely to be seen in a patient with arthritis?
a- microcytic, hypochromic
b- anemia secondary to chronic disease
c- macrocytic
d- megaloblastic
b- anemia secondary to chronic disease
A TPN solution is delivered at 50ml per hour at 3/4 strength. What is the appropriate order?
a- 900 ml formula, 300 ml water
b- 600 ml formula, 600 ml water
c- 800 ml formula, 400 ml water
d- 300 ml formula, 900 ml water
a- 900 ml formula, 300 ml water (1200 ml total, 3/4 strength = 900 ml)
Determine the calorie contribution of carbohydrate from the following PN formula. (per liter)
300 ml 60% dextrose, 500 ml 10% AA, 200 ml 20% lipid
-given at 65 ml/hr for 24 hours
a- 393 calories per day
b- 1550 calories per day
c- 955 calories per day
d- 1572 calories per day
c- 955 calories per day (1560 ml total, 612/L x 1.56)
Using the above formula, determine the calories coming from lipids per day.
a- 519
b- 561
c- 577
d- 624
d- 624
Using the above formula, determine the protein intake per day in grams.
a- 78
b- 80
c- 84
d- 86
a- 78
How much free water is in 1.5L of an enteral feeding that has 1.5 calories per cc?
a- 1155 cc
b- 1057 cc
c- 926 cc
d- 901 cc
a- 1155 cc (1.5 cal/cc 76-78% free water)
A patient receives 4 oz whole milk and 6 graham crackers as a snack. Which of the following substitutes would lower the glycemic index?
a- skim milk in place of whole milk
b- fruit juice in place of whole milk
c- 12 saltines in place of 6 graham crackers
d- 1T peanut butter in place of 3 graham crackers
d- 1T peanut butter in place of 3 graham crackers
Which will cause the most delay in gastric emptying?
a- lean baked meat
b- broiled cod
c- shrimp
d- corned beef
d- corned beef (protein + fat)
If a patients GFR is <50 ml/minute, what should their protein intake be in g/kg?
a- 1
b- .8
c- .55-.6
d- .2-.4
b- .8 (this is stage 3 30-59 GFR)
A 2 year old child with iron-deficiency anemia has anorexia, vomiting, weight loss, and restlessness. Look for:
a- excess milk and fruit juice intake
b- excess Vit C and D intake
c- asthma and respiratory distress
d- pica and lead poisoning
d- pica and lead poisoning
Mr. Jones has heart failure but no CAD or increased CHD risk. His nutritional prescription should be:
a- 2g sodium
b- 2g sodium, low potassium
c- low cholesterol, low sodium
d- low cholesterol, low saturated fat, low sodium
a- 2g sodium
Creatine supplements may be beneficial for the:
a- bodybuilder
b- marathon runner
c- soccer player
d- hockey player
a- bodybuilder
Acidic chyme in the duodenum is neutralized by pancreatic:
a- lipase
b- bicarbonate
c- amylase
d- protease
b- bicarbonate
Milk is packaged in opaque containers to avoid UV destruction of:
a- thiamin
b- riboflavin
c- niacin
d- ascorbic acid
b- riboflavin
Which program teaches good nutrition practices and provides foods with certain nutrients?
a- EFNEP
b- NET
c- WIC
d- MCP
c- WIC (remember)
A PN patient is receiving 45 cal/kg. What may be the result?
a- hypocalcemia
b- hyperkalemia
c- hypokalemia
d- hyperphosphatemia
c- hypokalemia (K supplementation may be inadequate over time)
A tube fed patient develops diarrhea. What is the most likely cause?
a- medications
b- osmolality is too low
c- strength is too weak
d- improper rate
a- medications
You are assessing a 4’11 female pt who weighs 160 lb. She has hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes. What do you recommend?
a- low sodium
b- low carb
c- low calories
d- low fat
c- low calories
A patient with liver disease needs adjustments in the intake of:
a- protein, fat, sodium
b- protein, fluid, sodium
c- protein, calories, sodium
d- fluids, calories, fat
b- protein, fluid, sodium
The data that is most useful in evaluating children is:
a- sex and age
b- iron and vitamin intake
c- energy intake and health history
d- height and weight
c- energy intake and health history
Which survey is conducted every 10 years?
a- USDA food consumption survey
b- NHANES
c- ten state nutrition survey
d- preschool children study
a- USDA food consumption survey
Goals for a community nutrition program should be based on:
a- dietary guidelines for americans
b- nutrition screening initiative
c- healthy people report
d- NHANES III report
a- dietary guidelines for americans
The essential amino acid Tryptophan is most closely related to:
a- folic acid
b- riboflavin
c- niacin
d- pantothenic acid
c- niacin (remember tryptophan - niacin relation)
Memory loss may be associated with a deficiency of:
a- riboflavin
b- thiamin
c- protein
d- electrolytes
b- thiamin (remember thiamin - memory relation)
Which of the following would lower serum cholesterol levels?
a- dried beans
b- green beans
c- yellow beans
d- summer squash
a- dried beans (highest fiber)
In a TPN mixture, what volume of the amino acid solutions lsited would come closest to providing 185 calories?
a- 1000 ml 8.5% AA
b- 850 ml 5.5% AA
c- 500 ml 7% AA
d- 500 ml 10% AA
b- 850 ml 5.5% AA
Enteral feeding products that contain protein in the form of small peptides and amino acids are recommended for patients who have:
a- short bowel syndrome
b- undergone gastrectomy
c- undergone colectomy
d- undergone jejunostomy
a- short bowel syndrome
A nutritional care plan for overweight children should include:
a- restrict intake to maintain current weight
b- maintain body weight
c- reduce weight with calorie reduction of 500 per day
d- reduce rate of body weight gain while allowing growth
d- reduce rate of body weight gain while allowing growth
A renal patient has come for dialysis on Monday morning with serum sodium 130mEq/L, BUN 100 mg/dl, creatinine 8.0, 4kg weight gain since last dialysis Friday morning. His lab indicators were acceptable on Friday afternoon. What would you expect happened over the weekend?
a- too little sodium, too much water, too little protein
b- too little sodium, not enough water, too much protein
c- too little sodium, too much water, too much protein
d- too much sodium, too little water, too little protein
c- too little sodium, too much water, too much protein (high wt gain over 2-3 days)
Looking at above question, what else would you expect to see?
a- increased bicarbonate, potassium, decreased Phosphorus
b- decreased bicarbonate, increased potassium and phosphorus
c- decreased bicarbonate, potassium, increased phosphorus
d- increase bicarbonate, potassium, phosphorus
b- decreased bicarbonate, increased potassium and phosphorus (good guess find out why)
What would the lab values above have likely reflected if the patient had been nauseated and averaged only 400 calories from primarily starchy foods over the weekend?
a- little or no rise in potassium, BUN/Cr ratio 15
c- typical rise in potassium, BUN/Cr ratio
a- little or no rise in potassium, BUN/Cr ratio
A nutrition surveillance program is designed primarily to:
a- verify data from other surveys
b- identify nutritional needs of the population
c- indicate the number of people at increased risk for medical conditions
d- indicate causes underlying nutrition problems identified
b- identify nutritional needs of the population
A standing height should first be obtained when an infant is how many months old?
a- 18
b- 20
c- 22
d- 24
d- 24
When given as the sole source of energy, isocaloric amounts of which energy substrate would most effectively reduce starvation ketosis?
a- corn oil
b- MCT oil
c- glucose
d- EAA’s
c- glucose
For the past 2 months, a man who is 6’0 tall has been nauseated and anorexic, has consumed under 500 cals per day from mostly sweet foods. His albumin of 5.0g/dl most likely indicates:
a- adjustment to new energy intake
b- increase in albumin due to dehydration
c- increased production of albumin by liver due to catabolic state
d- retention of albumin due to high carb, low cal diet
b- increase in albumin due to dehydration
A dietary deficiency of which of the following causes a macrocytic anemia resembling pernicous anemia?
a- folacin
b- pyridoxine
c- vit B6
d- vit C
a- folacin
A PN regimen that contains 1L of D50W and 1L of 7% Aminosyn provides how many non protein calories?
a- 300
b- 1400
c- 1700
d- 2000
c- 1700
Who has the greatest water, protein, and calorie needs per unit of body weight?
a- 6 month old infant
b- 50 year old female
c- 16 year old female
d- 25 year old male
a- 6 month old infant
What is the best approach for controlling obesity in an otherwise healthy ten year old girl?
a- reduction of caloric intake to allow weight loss of 1-2 lb weekly
b- reduction of energy intake to no less than 1000 cal/day
c- avoidance of simple sugars during continued growth
d- maintenance of weight during continued growth
d- maintenance of weight during continued growth
A woman who is 5’5 and 190lb before pregnancy and gains 30 lb by the beginning of her 2nd trimester should be advised to:
a- maintain current weight
b- begin weight reduction diet
c- gain weight at decreased rate
d- continue to gain weight at same rate
c- gain weight at decreased rate (although obese, must continue to gain wt in pregnancy)
The effectiveness of a group education program for decreasing the number of anemic pregnant women enrolled in a community nutrition program is best indicated by:
a- improved scores on a nutrition knowledge posttest
b- improved scores of a Likert type attitudinal scale
c- an increase in hct or hgb levels
d- an increase in dietary intake of iron
c- an increase in hct or hgb levels
What would a vegan not eat?
a- coleslaw made with oil and vinegar
b- congealed fruit salad
c- salad with tofu dressing
d- peanut butters
b- congealed fruit salad (gelatin)
Which contains more total dietary fiber:
a- 1/2c raw spinach
b- 1 oz raisin bran cereal
c- 1 slice WW bread
d- 2T peanut butter
b- 1 oz raisin bran cereal
What change should be made in the following menu if it is to be served to Seventh Day Adventists? tomato juice, cottage cheese fruit plate or egg salad sandwich, milk, coffee, tea
a- offer fortified soy milk
b- offer decaffeinated beverages
c- offer tofu instead of cottage cheese
d- offer meat analog instead of egg sald
b- offer decaffeinated beverages
The best way to counsel a patient with anorexia nervosa is:
a- recommend that the patient increase food intake and attend weekly counseling
b- emphasize health benefits associated with wt gain and calorie intake
c- maintain a no-nonsense attitude to discourage inappropriate behavior
d- remain flexible to help set realistic goals
b- emphasize health benefits associated with wt gain and calorie intake
Which is the primary fuel used by resting muscle and at low intensity exercise?
a- glucose
b- fatty acids
c- BCAA
d- ketoacids
b- fatty acids
In which of the following would you likely see very low albumin if it is drawn a few days after admission to an acute care facility?
a- anorexia nervosa
b- 30% full thickness burn
c- patient with newly dx colon cancer
d- patient with COPD
b- 30% full thickness burn
When measuring a childs somatic protein mass, in addition to BMI, use:
a- upper arm muscle area
b- tricep skinfold
c- Mid arm muscle circumference
d- knee to height ratio
a- upper arm muscle area (MAMC for adults?)
An AIDS patient should select the following fresh fruit:
a- grapes, orange
b- orange, banana, pineapple
c- apple, grapes, peach
d- grapes, pear
b- orange, banana, pineapple (all must be peeled, less chance for bacteria)
Asian, Hispanic, and Native Americans have the following in common:
a- consume few green vegetables
b- consume significant amount of dairy
c- consume little milk
d- consume few root vegetables
c- consume little milk
Your patient is on Coumadin. Which foods would you make sure to consistently include in their diet?
a- oranges, peaches
b- sweet potatoes
c- beef, lamb
d- spinach, collard greens
d- spinach, collard greens (Vit K sources)
If a child is at the 95th percentile weight for height and after one month drops to the 10th percentile, what does it likely show?
a- poor nutrition
b- lack of adequate calories consumption
c- error in measurement
d- clinical disorder indicating malabsorption
c- error in measurement
A child presents at the 65th percentile height for age. What does it signify?
a- overweight
b- normal
c- underweight
d- small for age
b- normal
In acute hepatitis, you would likley see:
a- decrease in SGOT, increase SGPT
b- increase in SGOT and SGPT
c- decrease in SGOT and SGPT
d- increase SGOT, decrease SGPT
b- increase in SGOT and SGPT
In severe cirrhosis with ascites, diet therapy should be:
a- restrict sodium
b- restrict CHO and FAT
c- restrict protein and sodium
d- restrict fat
a- restrict sodium (cirrhosis differs from hepatic encephalopathy)
An AIDS patients temperature has risen to 102 degrees. His BMR has increased:
a- 24%
b- 36%
c- 12%
d- 5%
a- 24% (7% increase per degree)
A patient on clear liquids should not be served:
a- strawberry gelatin
b- vegetable stock
c- apple juice
d- fruit popsicle
b- vegetable stock (remember)
An athlete needs 4000 calories. The cornflakes nutrient label says one serving provides 25% RDA for CHO. How many servings does he needs for his 25%?
a- one
b- two
c- three
d- four
b- two
A middle income female needs support for breast feeding. Which group will help?
a- milk bank
b- pritikin program
c- laleche
d- feingold program
c- laleche (good guess)
What elements of the diet vary most in hepatic disease?
a- fat, cho, potassium
b- sodium, fluid, protein
c- sodium, potassium, protein
d- fat, sodium, potassium
b- sodium, fluid, protein
What is the most effective tool for providing nutrition education to the community?
a- RDI’s
b- report of Healthy People
c- MyPyramid
d- Healthy Eating Index
c- MyPyramid
What should a Jewish patient include in his diet to increase zinc intake?
a- fresh green vegetables
b- pork
c- turkey
d- wheat bread
c- turkey (no pork for kosher)
A 7 year old on a ketogenic diet requires 1500 calories. Which is the appropriate order?
a- 145g fat, 25g pro, 25g carbohydrate
b- 95g fat, 40g pro, 25g carbohydrate
c- 102g fat, 56g pro, 12g carbohydrate
d- 75g fat, 32g pro, 43g carbohydrate
a- 145g fat, 25g pro, 25g carbohydrate
A new patient with BMI of 32 and hypertension comes to you for counseling. What is your first recommendation?
a- achieve DBW
b- maintain weight and exercise
c- reduce sodium intake
d- reduce sodium, fluid, calories
c- reduce sodium intake (one step at a time!)
A female has a 36’ waist and 40’ hip measurement. She is at risk for:
a- nothing
b- cancer
c- heart disease
d- malnutrition
c- heart disease
A vegan with macrocytic anemia needs which of the following?
a- iron rich foods
b- fortified soy milk
c- eggs milk bread
d- meat, green vegetables
b- fortified soy milk (vegan!)
A patient with GFR of 20 ml/min should receive how many grams of protein/kg?
a- 1.1
b- 0.8
c- 0.6
d- 0.2
c- 0.6 (stage 4 15-29 GFR, decreased intake)
A patient is recovering from an ileocecal resection, where 100 cm was removed. What is your recommendation?
a- oral vitamin B12, increase fluids
b- parenteral B12, increase fluid and protein
c- decrease fluid, increase protein, parenteral B12
d- decrease protein and fluids, oral B12
b- parenteral B12, increase fluid and protein (protein for recovery, need B12)
A patient on Lithium decreases his sodium intake to 2g/day. The effect will be:
a- decreased activity of drug
b- enhanced activity of drug
c- no change in drug activity
d- reduced drug response
b- enhanced activity of drug
In the Dietary guidelines, what represents fat included?
a- 20-35% calories, <10% saturated
a- 20-35% calories, <10% saturated
Which of the following would likely be a cause of marasmus?
a- leaving a patient for two weeks on D5W
b- chemotherapy
c- following a 20g protein diet for 2 months
d- antibiotic therapy
b- chemotherapy (remember this, NOT C)
A patient with short bowel syndrome will likely receive as initial nutrition therapy:
a- parenteral nutrition
b- elemental formula via EN
c- predigested nutrients through G tube
d- lactose free, low osmolar, jejunal feed
a- parenteral nutrition (keyword - initial)
A tube feeding ran from 7PM to 6AM, providing 1800 calories at 1.6 calories per cc. How many cc/hr was given?
a- 100
b- 125
c- 210
d- 65
a- 100
A patient on parenteral support develops sepsis. What is the likely cause?
a- lack of immune enhancing nutrients
b- poor care of entry site
c- related to condition that created need for PN
d- bacterial translocation
d- bacterial translocation (NOT B, remember!)
How long should a new mother breast feed?
a- at least 6 months
b- at least 12 months
c- until 6 months, then add cows milk
d- until 4 months, then switch to cows milk
b- at least 12 months (remember)
The most important prenatal supplement is:
a- calcium
b- vit D
c- iron
d- folic acid
d- folic acid (decrease neural tube defects)
A patient has been hospitalized for 17 days with multiple injuries after an accident. When should the discharge plan begin?
a- as soon as it is known when pt will be discharged
b- once pt is stable
c- on first day of admission
d- at least two days prior to discharge
c- on first day of admission
What is not a likely cause of failure to thrive in a child?
a- vegetarian diet
b- chronic illness
c- parental food restrictions due to them being overly concerned with obesity
d- lack of fiber in the diet
a- vegetarian diet
A child with PKU can eat:
a- spaghetti with tomato sauce
b- vanilla ice cream
c- carrots and celery sticks
d- aspartame sweetened gelatin
c- carrots and celery sticks
A child has been identified as being at high risk for food allergies. What should be withheld for the first few years?
a- peanut butter and milk
b- eggs and strawberries
c- oats and fish
d- citrus fruits and chocolate
a- peanut butter and milk
Which of the following would be classified as NI in the NCP?
a- not ready for diet change
b- altered GI function
c- involuntary weight loss
d- increased energy expenditure
d- increased energy expenditure (related to Intake, C may not be due to intake)
Which of the following would be appropriate for a hemodialysis patient on a 60g protein, 75% HBV diet?
a- 1 egg, 2 oz chicken, 3 oz beef, 1/2 c milk
b- 1 egg, 2 oz chicken, 2 slice bread, 3 oz beef
c- 2 eggs, 3 oz chicken, 3 oz beef, 1c milk
d- 1 egg, 3 oz chicken, 2c milk, 5 slice bread
d- 1 egg, 3 oz chicken, 2c milk, 5 slice bread (egg, chicken, milk = 44g pro, 5 slice bread = 15. 75% hbv)
Who resolves differences in bills from the House and Senate?
a- House committee
b- Senate committee
c- Committee on resolutions
d- Joint conference committee of House and Senate
d- Joint conference committee of House and Senate
Which bill requests government funding?
a- budget bill
b- markup bill
c- appropriations bill
d- spending grant bill
c- appropriations bill
Infuse a peripheral solution at a maximum rate of how many mOsm/L?
a- 300
b- 800
c- 1400
d- 2000
b- 800 (remember!)
A father needs help in feeding his children, age 6 and 8. Which are the best options?
a- WIC and TANF
b- Head Start and Food Stamps
c- Food Stamps and School Lunch
d- Commodity Foods and WIC
c- Food Stamps and School Lunch
What would be an expected outcome of WIC?
a- fewer women breast feed
b- fewer babies, better birth control
c- better educated low income women concerning nutrition
d- less anemia, increased hgb and hct levels
d- less anemia, increased hgb and hct levels
Food staff from a commodity distribution program are not allowed to bring foods to a Jewish facility. What is the main reason for this?
a- meat cant be served with dairy at same meal
b- kosher foods cant be mixed with non kosher foods
c- jewish diet practices are lacto-ovo vegetarian
d- jewish diet practices are lactovegetarian
b- kosher foods cant be mixed with non kosher foods
A teenager was brought to the hospital with CVA and dysphagia. The Dietitian should immediately:
a- order NG feeding
b- request a swallow test
c- order a dysphagia diet
d- order a CVA diet and disregard dysphagia
b- request a swallow test
The immune system reacts to foods that are normally harmless. This is:
a- food intoxication
b- inflammatory response
c- immunoglobin E (igE) mediated reaction
d- food intolerance
c- immunoglobin E (igE) mediated reaction (remember)
Which level of HgbA1C suggests good compliance with dietary recommendations in a diabetic after 3 months of counseling?
a- 6.5
b- 4
c- 8.2
d- 10.3
a- 6.5
A hospitalized patient who had not eaten well for 2 weeks had a 2.3 serum phosphorus level and a 1.3 serum magnesium level. He has:
a- hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia
b- hyperphosphatemia, hypomagnesemia
c- hyperphosphatemia, hyponatremia
d- hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia
a- hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia
phos = 2.4-4.1, magnesium = 1.5-2.5
A concern with parenteral feeding is:
a- hypokalemia
b- hypercalcemia
c- hyponatremia
d- hypernatremia
a- hypokalemia
