Questions 1-110 Flashcards by Jon C

In community surveys, a frequent symptom of malnutrition is:

a- scurvy
b- rickets
c- low serum albumin
d- low hemoglobin

d- low hemoglobin

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Which is the least common symptom in the elderly?

a- osteomalacia
b- osteoporosis
c- obesity
d- hypertension

a- osteomalacia

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What is included in the study of demographics?
I- age II- sex III- population statistics
IV- socioeconomic status

a- I only
b- all of the above
c- II, III
d- I, II, III

d- I, II, III

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Athletes should receive:

a- salt pills only during summer months
b- extra protein
c- carbohydrate loading two weeks prior to event
d- water during an event to replace lost fluid

d- water during an event to replace lost fluid

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How many grams of protein would you receive on a 1500 calorie diet which is 20% protein?

a- 70
b- 75
c- 64
d- 300

b- 75

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A patient is on a high protein, low carbohydrate diet. What advice should you offer?

a- increase fluid intake
b- decrease complex carb intake
c- decrease fluid intake
d- decrease saturated fat intake

a- increase fluid intake

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An insulin-dependent diabetic living alone calls you with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. What do you recommend?

a- continue insulin and eat anything he can
b- continue insulin and drink anything he can
c- discontinue insulin until he feels better
d- discontinue insulin and eat whatever he can

b- continue insulin and drink anything he can

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Which infant is at the greatest risk?

a- 20 lb, hgb 10
b- 22 lb, hgb 10.5
c- 19 lb, hgb 11
d- 30 lb, hgb 9

d- 30 lb, hgb 9

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Which of the infants in the above question has a normal hgb level?

a- a,b,d
b- b,d
c- c,d
d- a,b,c

d- a,b,c (10,10.5,11) (9 out of range)

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An alcoholic patient has a low serum albumin, low hgb, high ammonia, abnormal LFT and ascites. Why is he on a 500mg sodium diet?

a- secondary renal failure
b- hypoaldosteronism
c- hypoalbuminemia
d- hyperammonemia

c- hypoalbuminemia

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Which of the following should the patient in the above question have for lunch? (alcoholic, 500mg Na diet, hypoalbuminemia)

a- 4 ounces cottage cheese
b- 1 ounce cheddar cheese
c- 1 ounce roast beef
d- 1 ounce cold cuts

c- 1 ounce roast beef

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Which of the following should be included in the diet for celiac disease?
I- decrease egg intake II- use potato and rice flour
III- IM vit B12 and iron IV- low cal, high fat, high protein

a- II, III
b- III, IV
c- I, II, IV
d- II, IV

a- II,III

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Who is most at risk for gestational diabetes?

a- BMI 30, history of GSM
d- conception within 10 months of last pregnancy

c- BMI >30, history of GSM

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A child is lethargic, irritable with diarrhea. The cause may be:

a- zinc toxicity
b- lead poisoning
c- iron overload
d- vit A toxicity

b- lead poisoning

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How many calories are in 300ml of 5% dextrose solution?

a- 51
b- 60
c- 15
d- 200

a - 51

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A single 19 year old female is 6 months pregnant. She has not gained any weight and has not seen a physician. Hgb is 9. Hct is 30. What is the most important recommendation for her?

a- see physician immediately
b- apply for WIC immediately
c- join teenage pregnancy support group
d- begin iron supplements

a- see physician immediately

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A female is 5’7 115 lb. Six months ago she weighed 130 lb. What is her percent IBW?

a- 85%
b- 83%
c- 81%
d- 87%

a- 85%

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A vegan is allergic to milk. Which nutrients would you expect might be deficient in her intake?

a- protein, calories
b- vit B12, D
c- vit C, calcium
d- vit A, D

b- vit B12, D

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A patient with Crohns disease needs the following diet:
I- high fat, high cal, high protein
II- low fat only with steattorhea, vit C, B12
III- high calorie, high protein according to current BMI
IV- high residue, low fat, fat soluble vitamins
V- low calorie, low residue, fat soluble vitamins, B12

a- I
b- II, III
c- III, IV
d- V

b- II, III

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Which of the following diets is appropriate for reactive hypoglycemia?

a- reduce intake of concentrated carbohydrates, 5-6 small meals
b- increased complex carbohydrate, low fat, high protein
c- decrease complex carbohydrate, low fat
d- high protein, high fat, high carbohydrates

a- reduce intake of concentrated carbohydrates, 5-6 small meals

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Which patient has marasmus?
(serum albumin, transferrin, tricep skinfold, MAMC, TLC)
Pt A - Male - 3.5, 275, 3, 15, none
Pt B - Female - 2.6, 125, 16.8, 24.1, 1000
Pt C - Male - 4.0, 450, 17, 28.1, 3500

a- A
b- B
c- C
d- A, B

Pt A - Male - 3.5, 275, 3, 15, none (muscle wasting is key)

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When assessing nutritional status, which would be the most beneficial?

a- 24 hour recall, history of weight change
b- medical history, diet order, socioeconomic status
c- clinical observation, weight status, culture habits
d- diet intake info, clinical and lab data

d- diet intake info, clinical and lab data

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The first function of the public health nutritionist is:

a- assess needs of community
b- counsel patients with special dietary needs
c- write pamphlets for educational purposes
d- expand the role of Dietitians

a- assess needs of community

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What nutrients most affect the renal solute load?

a- protein and carbohydrate
b- sodium and carbohydrate
c- protein and sodium
d- sodium and fat

c- protein and sodium

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The elderly need how many ml of water per kg? a- 35 b- 45 c- 30 d- 25

c- 30

According to Diabetic Exchange lists, when substituting 2% milk for skim, you must omit how many fat exchanges? a- 1/2 b- 1 c- 1 1/2 d- 2

b- 1

If a man normally consuming 2600 calories per day reduces his intake to 1500 calories per day, how much weight will he lose in 1 week? a- 0.5 kg b- 1.0 kg c- 1.5 kg d- 2.0 kg

b- 1.0 kg

For which of the following disease is diet therapy the primary treatment? a- peptic ulcer b- diabetes c- Wilsons Disease d- galactosemia

d- galactosemia

Which of the following best reflects protein status? a- serum albumin b- serum transferrin c- retinol binding protein d- prealbumin

d- prealbumin

Following a Billroth II, steatorrhea often results. What is the likely cause? a- bacterial overgrowth in remaining loop b- lack of pancreatic secretion due to less duodenal hormone section c- a diet restricting simple carbohydrates d- rapid absorption of simple carbohydrates

b- lack of pancreatic secretion due to less duodenal hormone section

Meats curd with whey wont be tolerated by someone with: I- lactose intolerance II- diabetes III- post gastrectomy of 3 months IV- duodenectomy a- I, II, III b- II, III, IV c- I d- I, III, IV

c- I

Chemically defined formulas are used for: a- short bowel syndrome b- post chemotherapy treatment c- hypermetabolism d- galactosemia

a- short bowel syndrome

A PEG feeding would be useful in a patient with: a- head or neck cancer who cant eat normally for weeks b- short bowel syndrome c- duodenal ulcers d- pancreatitis

a- head or neck cancer who cant eat normally for weeks

A patient with hepatitis needs a high protein intake. Besides helping the liver to regenerate, what other purpose is served? a- it helps increase iron absorption b- it restores glycogen reserves c- it prevents fatty liver d- it helps prevent necrosis of the liver

c- it prevents fatty liver

The additive influence of foods and constituents when eaten have a beneficial effect on health refers to: a- neutraceuticals b- food synergy c- positive corollaries d- medical foods

b- food synergy

Which foods are most likely to cause an allergic reaction? a- shellfish, peanuts, wheat b- wheat, chocolate, rice c- citrus fruit, milk, corn d- chocolate, milk, corn

a- shellfish, peanuts, wheat

Which set of conditions is most commonly seen in American children? a- obesity, dental caries, anemia b- hypertension, dental caries, rickets c- hyperkinesis, anemia, dental caries d- diabetes, obesity, anemia

a- obesity, dental caries, anemia

A 1500 calorie diabetic diet with 45% calories from carbohydrate is prescribed. One third of the carbohydrate grams is met with 1/2 orange juice, 1 cup milk, and: a- 1 slice toast b- 2 slices toast c- 2 slices toast and 1/2 cup oatmeal d- 1/2 slice toast

b- 2 slices toast (use exchanges)

Which of the following is a medium fat meat? a- peanut butter b- tuna fish in water c- corned beef d- chicken without skin

c- corned beef

Which government agency would you contact regarding food distribution? a- USDA b- FDA c- HHS d- Food Stamps

a- USDA

Which has the greatest effect on renal solute load? a- potassium b- sodium c- glucose d- protein

d- protein

Which is not a fiber in the diet? a- cellulose b- hemicellulose c- amylose d- pectin

c- amylose

What is the diet for hypertension? a- low sodium b- low sodium, high potassium c- low sodium, high calcium d- low sodium, high potassium, high calcium

a- low sodium

The NHANES study looks at which parameters? a- nutritional b- nutritional, clinical c- nutritional, biochemical d- nutritional, clinical, biochemical

d- nutritional, clinical, biochemical

What is a major reason for constipation in the elderly? a- diet low in high residue foods b- diet high in low residue foods c- decreased gastric motility d- lack of physical exercise

c- decreased gastric motility

An 11 month old infant is at the 95th percentile weight for age and has been for the past 9 months. What should you do? a- recommend increasing food intake by 25% b- recommend decreasing food intake by 50% c- nothing, he is fine d- watch his growth over next 6 months

d- watch his growth over next 6 months

A 6'2 male, large frame, 230lb with Type 2 Diabetes should: a- gain 5 lb to be at a desirable body weight b- lose 20 lb slowly following balanced diet c- lose 20 lb in 4 weeks on an 800 calorie diet d- lose 10 lb slowly following a balanced diet

b- lose 20 lb slowly following balanced diet

A patient with chronic pancreatitis should consume oral pancreatic enzymes: a- with large meals and fatty foods b- only is steattorhea increases c- with all meals and snacks d- only if consuming a high fat, low protein diet

c- with all meals and snacks

If a patient is about to be discharged when you receive the discharge diet order, you should: a- give him something to take home b- there is not enough time so forget it c- enroll him in outpatient clinic and schedule an appointment d- teach him what you can in the time you have now

c- enroll him in outpatient clinic and schedule an appointment

Following a cholecystectomy, bile is produced by the: a- pancreas b- liver c- spleen d- portal vein

b- liver

How many calories are in 1.5L of 25% dextrose solution? a- 850 b- 1275 c- 1000 d- 1500

b- 1275

Research suggests that in order to guard against cancer you should ingest: a- carotene and Vit C b- Vit C and B12 c- protein and Vit A d- Vit E and K

a- carotene and Vit C

Which of the following may be the cause of loose stools in a tube fed patient? I- feeding administered at rapid rate II- osmolality of feeding too low III- patient is constipated IV- inadequate amount of intestinal surface area a- I b- I, II c- II, III d- I, IV

d- I, IV

An elevated T4 indicates: a- galactosemia b- hypothyroidism c- hyperthyroidism d- ketonuria

c- hyperthyroidism

Before discontinuing a parenteral feeding, provide enteral support to prevent: a- development of fatty liver b- ketoacidosis c- hypoglycemia d- hepatic encephalopathy

c- hypoglycemia

Which of the following weight gains put pregnant women at risk? a- less than 4 lb/month in last half of pregnancy b- less than 5 lb/month is last half of pregnancy c- less than 6 lb/month in last half of pregnancy d- more than 2 lb/month in last half of pregnancy

a- less than 4 lb/month in last half of pregnancy

Iron deficiency anemia has the following characteristics: a- large cells laden with hemoglobin, hypochromic, microcytic b- small pale cells, hypochromic, microcytic c- large cells laden with hemoglobin, macrocytic, megaloblastic d- small, pale cells, macrocytic, megaloblastic

b- small pale cells, hypochromic, microcytic

Which hormone moves milk through mammary ducts? a- prolactin b- progesterone c- estrogen d- oxytocin

d- oxytocin

Which anthropometric measurements are useful in assessing adults? a- tricep skinfold, head circumference, arm muscle circumference b- head circumference, arm muscle circumference, height, weight c- serum albumin, tricep skinfold d- tricep skinfold, arm muscle circumference, height, weight

d- tricep skinfold, arm muscle circumference, height, weight

Which is a measure of somatic protein? a- serum albumin b- serum transferrin c- mid arm muscle circumference d- tricep skinfold

c- mid arm muscle circumference

Muscle mass is determined using the: a- tricep skinfold and arm circumference b- skinfold caliper c- BEE d- urinary creatinine measurement

a- tricep skinfold and arm circumference

Gastric irritants include: a- black pepper, chili powder, caffeine, alcohol, cocoa b- seeds, nuts, chili powder, black pepper, alcohol c- caffeine, black pepper, nuts, alcohol d- orange juice, black pepper, chili powder, alcohol

a- black pepper, chili powder, caffeine, alcohol, cocoa

Good advice for a patient with a hiatal hernia is to: a- increase intake of complex carbohydrates b- lower fat content of the diet c- dont eat before bed d- avoid coffee

c- dont eat before bed

``` The dumping syndrome: I- follows a gastrectomy II- secondary to carbohydrate overload III- draws fluid into intestine IV- needs a high carbohydrate diet ``` a- I, III, IV b- II, III, IV c- I d- I, II, III

d- I, II, III

Nutritional therapy for hepatitis includes: a- high protein, high carb, moderate fat, high cal b- high protein, low carb, low fat, moderate cal c- low protein, high carb, low fat, high cal d- low protein, high carb, low fat, low cal

a- high protein, high carb, moderate fat, high cal

Esophageal varices may be caused by: a- portal hypotension b- portal hypertension c- high fiber diet d- high fiber, high residue diet

b- portal hypertension

The diet for hepatic coma is low in protein due to: a- low ammonia levels b- high cholesterol levels c- high ammonia levels d- high LDL

c- high ammonia levels

In cystic fibrosis, the most impaired nutrient is: a- protein b- disaccharides c- electrolytes d- fat

d- fat

Hormones that control blood pressure and blood components are produced in: a- the heart b- the liver c- the kidneys d- the lungs

c- the kidneys

An acid ash would be created by ingesting: a- corn, cranberries b- milk c- vegetables d- fruit

a- corn, cranberries

Symptoms of nephrosis include: a- dehydration, hypocholesterolemia b- albuminuria, hypercholesterolemia c- edema, hypocholesterolemia d- hypotension, hyperalbuminemia

b- albuminuria, hypercholesterolemia

The catecholamines released during stress cause: a- hypertension b- hyperglycemia c- diuresis d- elevated BUN

b- hyperglycemia

Which is a part of the nutritional therapy for IDDM in a lean person? a- time meals b- decrease calorie intake c- it is not crucial to maintain calorie consistency if average intake is low d- decrease feeding frequency

a- time meals

Increased serum uric acid levels may lead to: a- galactosemia b- glycogen storage disease c- gout d- PKU

c- gout

The diet for galactosemia should exclude: a- high fat foods b- high cholesterol foods c- organ meats, MSG d- simple carbohydrates

c- organ meats, MSG

The ketogenic diet is used to help treat: a- cystic fibrosis b- seizures c- chronic renal failure d- hypotension

b- seizures

Immediately following a severe burn, nutritional therapy should include: a- high calories b- high protein c- high calories, vitamins, minerals d- fluid and electrolyte replacement

d- fluid and electrolyte replacement (immediate is key)

The theory of obesity that refers to receptors in the hypothalamus is the: a- lipostatic theory b- set point theory c- glucostatic theory d- glucose-obese theory

c- glucostatic theory

The VMA test diet measures: a- fat malabsorption b- total catecholamines c- protein malabsorption d- vitamin, mineral absorption

b- total catecholamines

A fecal excretion of ____ grams of fat / 24 hours is considered fat malabsorption. a- less than 1 b- more than 7 c- 3-5 d- 2-4

b- more than 7

Iatrogenic malnutrition is: a- vitamin and mineral malabsorption b- protein malabsorption c- protein, calorie malnutrition d- kwashiorkor

c- protein, calorie malnutrition (marasmus)

What are the similarities between WIC and Food Stamps? I- USDA regulated II- have risk criteria III- have income criteria IV - health exam required a- I, II, III, IV b- I, II, III c- II, III, IV d- I, III

d- I, III

A 60 kg female receives 2700 calories on PN. The calorie to nitrogen ratio is 150:1. How many grams of nitrogen is she getting? a- 14 b- 16 c- 18 d- 10

c- 18

What type of food would you feed to a patient who has the athetoid form of cerebral palsy? a- milk based products b- finger foods like hot dog in a roll c- milk free products d- galactose free foods

b- finger foods like hot dog in a roll

Osteoporosis is most likely to occur in: a- physically active adult b- non smoker c- black female d- white female

d- white female

Which is a quick diet assessment tool for a large group? a- food frequency list b- diet history forms c- weighing food samples and recording intake d- food records

a- food frequency list

Compared to human milk, commercially prepared infant formula is: a- similar in nutrient content b- equivalent to human milk in nutrient content and antibodies c- higher in protein and iron but lacks antibodies d- lower in protein and iron and lacks antibodies

c- higher in protein and iron but lacks antibodies

Which of the following is not associated with anorexia nervosa? a- food aversion b- distorted body image c- schizophrenia d- constant concern about weight status

c- schizophrenia

What is the appropriate advice for a person with anorexia nervosa? a- offer wide variety of foods and frequent feedings b- offer liquids high in calories and protein c- offer nasogastric feedings d- regular mealtimes, and a varied moderate intake

d- regular mealtimes, and a varied moderate intake

A female who eats a wide variety of foods and takes supplemental iron and birth control pills may be: a- marginally deficient in folic acid b- low in calcium c- low in Vit A d- low in Zinc

a- marginally deficient in folic acid

The immobilized state can lead to low levels of: a- albumin and calcium b- albumin and sodium c- calcium and potassium d- potassium and zinc

a- albumin and calcium

A man with a peptic ulcer should consume: a- milk every 2 hours b- a bland diet c- a balanced diet he can tolerate d- a low roughage diet

c- a balanced diet he can tolerate

A cholesterol level of 240 mgs needs treatment first with: a- diet b- diet and drugs c- drugs d- exercise, diet, and drugs

a- diet

An infant formula for lactose intolerance might include: I- whey, coconut oil II- casein hydrolysate, corn oil, glucose III- soy protein, corn syrup solids IV- sodium caseinate, hydrolyzed cornstarch a- I, II, III b- II, III c- II d- I, III

b- II, III

A patient with nephrosis will likely exhibit: a- hypercholesterolemia, albuminemia, edema b- hypertension, hypocholesterolemia c- hypotension, azotemia d- malnutrition, hyperalbuminemia

a- hypercholesterolemia, albuminemia, edema

The above patient should receive how many grams protein per kg? (nephrosis) a- .5 - .6 b- .6 - .8 c- .8 - 1.0 d- 1.0 - 1.4

c- .8 - 1.0

Fiber, like that found in oats, beans, and bran cereals, results in: a- increased water absorption from intestine b- binding of bile acids c- decreased sodium excretion in stool d- small, compact stools

a- increased water absorption from intestine

A patient suffering from bulimia may have all of the following symptoms except: a- sore throat b- dental problems c- extreme weight loss d- rectal bleeding

c- extreme weight loss

The efficacy of a low sugar, low artificial flavor diet on hyperkinesis is: a- it works in two out of three patients b- it has not been scientifically proven effective c- it has never been tested d- it has been proven effective

b- it has not been scientifically proven effective

Which of the following is not a sign of marasmus? a- severe protein and calorie wasting b- weight loss c- edema d- low anthropometric measurements

c- edema

Urea excretion is related to _____, while creatinine excretion is related to ______. a- muscle mass, protein intake b- protein intake, muscle mass c- protein intake, adipose reserves d- protein intake, calcium intake

b- protein intake, muscle mass

A patient has a rare urea disease where the body is unable to synthesize urea. What might be the results? a- elevated ammonia levels b- elevated BUN c- elevated glucagon levels d- compromised visceral protein levels

a- elevated ammonia levels

Which statement applies to nutritional screening? a- only a physician makes the referral b- only a dietitian makes the referral c- it is exclusively done by nursing d- all health team members can participate according to policy

d- all health team members can participate according to policy

A sandwich with two pieces of white bread and two ounces of turkey provides how many calories? a- 250 b- 145 c- 198 d- 290

a- 250

Current research on the relation between cancer and diet includes all of the following except: a- cancer is associated with intake of Vit A b- it is related to demographic factors c- it is related to epidemiologic data d- it is associated with ascorbic acid

b- it is related to demographic factors

Two liters of a 5% dextrose solution provides how many calories? a- 170 b- 340 c- 212 d- 195

b- 340

When instructing a patient on diet therapy needed during intake of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, which would not be included? a- milk, cottage cheese, yogurt b- yogurt, ricotta cheese c- swiss cheese, yogurt d- cheddar cheese, swiss cheese

d- cheddar cheese, swiss cheese

Catecholamines have what physiological effect? a- induce diuresis b- cause hypoglycemia c- cause sodium retention d- cause potassium retention

c- cause sodium retention

A patient with dehydration exhibits the symptoms of: a- high blood pressure, dizziness b- sunken eyes, decrease renal function, increased tachycardia c- decreased BUN, decreased serum creatinine d- low blood pressure, low serum sodium

b- sunken eyes, decrease renal function, increased tachycardia

Why would a man who eats very little protein have an albumin of 5.5g/dL? a- carbohydrate keeps albumin elevated b- he is dehydrated c- serum albumin falls quickly with protein deprivation d- it is a sign of protein malnutrition

b- he is dehydrated