Questions Flashcards
Renal disease is distinguished by protein in urine and edema?
Nephrotic syndrome
Disease associated with Waxy Cast?
Chronic renal failure
How body responds to loss of albumin and what appears in urine?
Liver produces lipoproteins
Urine has Lipoproteins and albumin
How to differentiate pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis and cystitis?
Interstitial Nephritis: WON’T have bacteria
Pyelonephritis: WBCs/WBC casts
Cystitis: No WBC casts
Define Polarizing Microscopy
bright-field — routine urinalysis
phase-contrast — enhances low refractive objects (hyaline casts, mucous, etc.)
polarizing — cholesterol and crystals
interference-contrast — enhances detail (three dimensional image)
Which of these polarize? I think name things like “oval fat bodies, cholesterol, crystals”
Uric acid
tripple phosphate crystals
Cholesterol
radiographic contrast dye
Oval fat bodies
What happens to cells in hypo and hypertonic solutions?
Hypertonic: creatinates
Hypotonic: lyses the cell
Crystals involved in renal calculi?
Calcium oxalate crystals
Matching: PKU Phynalketourea? (?), porphyrias, melaninuria, mucopolysaccharide (match the tests and the colors)?
Phenylalanine: ferric chloride test: permanent blue-green color
Melanuria: Ferric chloride (grey or black precipitate)
Sodium nitroprusside (red color)
Ehrlich’s reagent (red color)
cystinuria : cyanide-nitroprusside test: red-purple color
homocystinuria: screening: pos cyanide-nitroprusside: red
Confirm: silver-nitroprusside: red
mucopolysacchride: CTAB (white turbidity)
Acid-albumin turbidity (white turbidity)
metachromic staining (blue spot)
Differentiate between and RBC and yeast?
Acetic Acid will lyse RBC’s but not yeast
Why look for eosinophils in urine and what test to run for that?
Shows allergic reaction to medication. Hansel stain
How cast formation occurs? (possibly part of chart)
Tamm-horsfall protein aggregates
fibrils for loose network
further interweaveing forms a Matrix
cast detaches from the RTEs and is excreted
What urine goes dark on standing?
Melanin/Homogenistic acid
blue urine – why??
Indicanuria. Increased tryptophan conversion to indole
Odor questions?
Phenylketonuria: Mousy odor urine
MSUD: sweet odor
Parasites in the urine and where do they come from?
Pinworm – comes from butt
Trichomonas vaginalis: Most common parasite
Giardia Lamblia: fecal contamination
Colors of urines
Yellow: normal
Red: blood/myoglobin: hemoglobin
Port wine: Porphyrins
dark/black: melanin/homgenistic acid
Blue: indican
Green: infection
clear: overhydration/tampering
When strip test is positive for blood what 3 things could it be?
Hemoglobin
Blood
Myoglobin
Hemosiderin Stain is……
The Prussian Blue Stain
Hemoglobin goes to brown over time
Methemoglobin
Bile Duct Obstruction vs Intravascular Hemolysis?
Bile duct obstruction: Bilirubin present
Intravascular hemolysis: increased urobilinogen
Blue in diapers vs Black in diapers vs Orange Sand in diapers?
Blue Diaper: Indicanuria
Black diaper: Alkaptonuria
Orange sand diaper: Uric acid crystals (purine disorders)
Cystinosis vs cystinuria?
Cystinuria: error in transport of amino acids
Cystinosis: error of metabolism
How to break down kidney stones?
Small calculi: passed naturally
Larger: broken by high energy waves or surgery
What is the Clinitest used for?
alkaptonuria
galactosemia
Nephrotic vs Tubular Necrosis – differentiating signs?
Tubular necrosis: RTE cells & casts
Nephrotic syndrome: Marked proteinuria, Fat droplets
Accutest tubular necrosis signs?
Mild proteinuria
RTE cells
RTE casts
Maybe other casts
