questions ! Flashcards
40-year-old with advanced HIV (CD4 count < 50) presents with blurred vision. Fundoscopy shows multiple retinal haemorrhages
cytomegalovirus retinitis
An overweight 50-year-old man presents with lethargy and excessive thirst. Fundoscopy reveals blot haemorrhages
T2DM
An elderly patient with a history of chronic glaucoma and hypertension presents with a sudden painless loss of vision in one eye. Fundoscopy reveals multiple flame-shaped haemorrhages and optic disc oedema
central retinal vein occlusion
An elderly patient with a history of atrial fibrillation presents with a sudden painless loss of vision in one eye. Fundoscopy reveals a ‘cherry red’ spot on a pale retina
central retinal artery occlusion
An elderly female smoker presents with reduced visual acuity, complaining of ‘blurred’ vision. On examination there is a central scotoma and fundoscopy reveals multiple drusen
macular degeneration
An elderly patient with a history of hypertension presents with decreasing visual acuity and peripheral visual field loss. Fundoscopy reveals optic disc cupping
primary open angle glucoma
describes how to perform the assessment for a RAPD (relative afferent pupillary defect)?
Move the pen torch swiftly between the pupils
A 9-year-old boy presents to A&E with a painful ‘red’ eye, which can be seen in the image. On further examination, you find that his right eyelid is warm, swollen and erythematous.
What is the most important finding that could influence management?
The patient does not have painful eye movements or proptosis
- difference between preseptal + orbital cellulitis
when is copper wiring on fundoscopy seen most?
hypertensive retinopathy
both eyes with cataracts, right worse than left, management?
Phacoemulsification and insertion of an intra-ocular lens in the right eye, and the left eye to be done at another time.
Both eyes are not usually operated on at the same time due to the risk of experiencing a complication in each such endopthalmitis.
Pathology affecting the temporal lobe would result in what kind of visual pathway defect?
Contralateral homonymous superior quadrantinopia
A 72-year-old male presents with a long history of gradual reduction in vision. On further questioning, you find that his central vision has been declining for several months, but he is unable to estimate how long. His wife is also present, and says he no longer reads the paper and is struggling around the house. On examination with a slit lamp, you see drusen present in the retina
Which investigation would aid making the diagnosis the most?
OCT
likely dry ARMD - OCT distinguishes between wet + dry
45-year-old female patient presents with painful red eyes. She reports a gritty sensation, itchy eyes and mild discharge. She has had episodes like this previously, usually lasting 5 to 7 days before resolving. On examination, you note a red lid margin with injected vessels and some crusting debris around the lash bases.
What is the diagnosis?
blepharitis
A new contact lens wearer would like to know more information about wearing contact lens. He is most concerned about getting an infection. Extended contact lens use is most associated with what kind of infection?
infective keratitis
Rod and cone cells are present in the retina and are specialised cells for vision. Which of the following statements concerning rod cells when exposed to light is true?
No neurotransmitter is released into the synapse between the rod cell and the bipolar cell
