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ophthalmology > acute red eye > Flashcards

acute red eye Flashcards

1
Q

causes of a painless red eye

A

conjunctivitis (more itchy/gritty)
episcleritis
subconjunctival haemorrhage

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2
Q

which chemical burns to the eye are worse acid or alkali?

A

alkali - easier penetration, scars badly

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3
Q

signs of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

purulent discharge
worse in morning - eyes stuck together
highly contagious - usually spread to other eye

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4
Q

signs of viral conjunctivitis

A

clear discharge
dry cough, sore throat, blocked nose

tender preauricular lymph nodes (infront of ear)

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5
Q

bacteria to be suspicious of in neonatal conjuntivitis

A

neisseria gonorrhoea

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6
Q

common causative organism in bacterial conjunctivitis

A

staph aureus

gonorrhoeae in neonates

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7
Q

treatment of bacterial conjuntivitis

A

usually topical chloramphenicol

unresponsive in chlamydial

avoid in aplastic anaemia + allergy

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8
Q

commonest cause of conjunctivitis

A

adenoviral - watery discharge, preauricular lymph nodes

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9
Q

HSV conjunctivitis

A

purulent vesicles around eye

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10
Q

herpes zoster (shingles) conjunctivitis

A

V1, if gets in eye then conjunctivitis

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11
Q

chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

younger, bilateral, recurrent, subtarsal scarring
vaginitis, urethretis

  • not responsive to chloramphenical*
  • -> oral azithromycin
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12
Q

management of chlamydial conjuntivitis

A

oral azithromycin

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13
Q

gonococcal conjunctivitis presentation + treatment

A

really extra, oozing pus

ceftriaxone IM

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14
Q

anterior uveitis presentation

A

dull painful red eye
ciliary flush (ring of red round iris out)
abnormal shaped pupil

photophobia
pain on movement
hypopyon

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15
Q

which group of conditions is assoc with anterior uveitis

A

HLA B27

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16
Q

presentation of episcleritis

A

segmental lateral redness
foreign body sensation
watery eye

conservative + safety net

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17
Q

subconjunctival haemorrhage

A

often post strenuous activity - constipated, lifting, coughing
patch of red blood under conjunctiva

resolves 2 weeks ish

18
Q

scleritis vs episcleritis

A

scleritis = pain on movment, full thickness, more serious

19
Q

assoc conditions of scleritis

A 
RA
SLE 
IBD
sarcoidosis
granulomatosis polyangiitis

Mx = treat underlying, NSAIDs

20
Q

scleritis presentation

A

pain, pain on eye movment
photophobia
tenderness on palpation

abnormal pupil reaction to light

21
Q

commonest causative organism in a contact lenses wearer with keratitis

A

acanthamoeba

treat with antiseptic - not responsive to antibiotics

22
Q

most common cause of keratitis

A

herpes keratitis

23
Q

presentation of herpes keratitis

A

painful red eye
*dendritic corneal ulcer
vesicles around eye
loss of sensation on cornea

recurrent

24
Q

treatment of herpes keratitis

A

topical ganciclovir, acyclovir

Dont give steroids - cornea perforation

25
Q

fungal keratitis classic presentation

A

working in garden + shrub brushed their eye

white fluffy region

26
Q

treatment of contact lens keratitis

A

polyhexamethylene biguanide
chlorhexadine

scar even once resolved

27
Q

entropion

A

inward turning eyelash

28
Q

diagnosis of corneal abrasion

A

1st = fluorescein stain

slit lamp

29
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of eyelid margins
gritty, itchy, dry sensation

dysfunction of meibromian glands - responsible for secreting oil onto eye

hot compress + gentle cleaning

30
Q

which gland is affected in chalazion?

A

meibomian - under eyelid, behind muscle

can lead to preseptal celluliti

31
Q

gland affected in styes?

A

Zeis or Moll - infront of muscle

Zeis = sebaceous gland at base of eyelashes
Moll = sweat gland at base of eyelashes
32
Q

why might newborns be more prone to orbital infections?

A

septum in adults is barrier for superfical infections

–> not developed in newborns

33
Q

how to distinguish preseptal and orbital cellulitis

A

CT

pain on movement = orbital

34
Q

complication of orbital cellulitis

A

potential thrombosis to cavernous brain

35
Q

causative organism of endophthalmitis

A

staph epidermis

36
Q

management of endophthalmitis

A

intravitreal antibiotics

37
Q

toxoplasmosis

A

eating undercooked meat
pregnant can pass it to baby
burnt out macula

38
Q

toxocara canis (worm)

A

cats + dogs
larvae can migrate into retina
–> can causee granulomas which cause irreversible visual loss

39
Q

diagnosis of toxoplasmosis + toxocara

A

serology

40
Q

diagnosis of bacterial keratitis

A

corneal scrapes

41
Q

Mx of anterior uveitis

A

urgent review by ophth

cycloplegics -> dilates pupil to relieve photophobia
(cyclopentolate, atropine)

steroids ?drops

ophthalmology (9 decks)

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