Questionaire Surveys Flashcards
What is a sample surevy?
-Most prominent research design in social science
-Used to explain circumstances, events and relationships
-systematic method
Features of a sample survey
-Generalisable
-Usually cross-sectional at one point in tme
-Research design is post-test
-Researcher does not direclty observe the subjects of their behaviour
How to sample?
- Define targer population
- Identify sampling frame
- Select sampling procedure
- Determine sample size
- Select sampling units
- Collect data from sampling units
What is Probability sampling?
-Each individual in a popluation ha s aknown non-zero probability of being selected
-It is possible to calculate the sampling error
-More common in social science than non-probability sampling
What is Simple random sample?
-Like the lottery or throwing a dice
-Random number tables can be used to select cases from a numbered sampling frame
-Systematic random sampling selects the kth unit
What is Stratified random sample?
-Parent population divided into exhaustive and exhaustive strata, and a random sample is selected from each strata
-Reduces sampling variation
-Strata can be sampled non-proportionally to population
What is random sampling?
Random sampling is a sampling technique in which every individual in a population has an equal chance of being selected for a study. This method helps ensure that the sample is representative of the population, reducing bias and increasing the generalizability of the results.
What is Non-probability sampling?
-Umbrella term to cover all sampling that does not satisfy conditions of probability sample
-Easy to draw - no preparation
-Non-probability samples fairly common
Non-probability sample designs
-Convenience
-Quota sample
-Self selection
-Snowball
-Purposeive/judgement
What is Purposive sampling?
Purposive sampling (also called judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling) is a non-random sampling technique in which researchers intentionally select participants based on specific characteristics, expertise, or relevance to the study. This method is used when researchers need participants who can provide rich, in-depth insights into a particular phenomenon.
When to use a questionnaire?
-Where the study is descriptive or explanatory
-Seeking to prove a particular hypothesis or describe/compare characteristics
-Research largely descriptive/analytical
What are the two methods of administration?
-Self-administration
-Interviewer administered
What are objective questions?
Require factual responses aboujt behaviour or attributes
What are subjective questions?
Require answers about respondents opinions, attitudes or beliefs
What are closed questions?
Have pre-determined and pre-coded set of responses
What are open questions?
Require respondents to answer in their own words
What are Contingency questions?
-Filter questions
-Helps the respondent avoid irrelevant questions
-Avoid using too many filter questions
What type of questions should be avoided?
-Distant past
-Double-barrelled questions
-Threatening/embarassing questions
-Loaded and leading questions
-Jargon
What factors decrease motivation to participate in research?
-Pressure of competing activities
-Embarrassment at ignorance of topic
-Fear of consequences of participation
Factors leading to an increase in motivation to participate iin research?
-Prestige of researcher or sponsor
-Perceived importance of topic
-Self-image as dutiful citizen
-Confirmation of self-importance
Factors influencing participation
-Initial introduction
-Support from respected individuals or organisations
-Reminders and follow-ups
-Clear instructions
-Timing
-Collection and return
-Monetary incentives
