Question - Jane

Question 1

Give some examples of coagulase-negative staphylococci

Answer 1

Staphylococcus epidermidi
St.saprophyticus
St.haemolyticus
St.hominis
St. lugdunensis

Question 2

Which environmental factors are staphylococci resistant to?

Answer 2

Heat (50 degrees for 30 min)
Drying
Salt (9% NaCl)

Question 3

Which bacterias have B-hemolysis?

Answer 3

Staphylococcus .aureus, S.haemolyticus, S.lugdunensis

Streptococcus pyogenes, agalacticae

Question 4

Which bacterias have alpha hemolysis?

Answer 4

Viridans streptococci (e.g S.mutans)
Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 5

How can you group streptococci?

Answer 5

1. Lancefield grouping (cell wall polysaccharide) based on the carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens found on their cell walls.
   
   • S.pyogenes = A (GAS)
   • S. Agalacticae = B (GBS)
   • Enterococci = D
2. Based on hemolysis
   
   • Beta - hemolytic: S.Pyogenes, S.agalacticae
   • Aplpha-hemolytic: S.pneumoniae, viridant streptococci

Question 6

Which enterococcus can cause pneumonia?

Answer 6

E.coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
klebsiella oxytoca
enterobacter spp.

Question 7

Which bacterias have ¨simple¨ ESBLs?

Answer 7

Klebsiella, E.coli.

These bacterias are resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins.

Question 8

Which bacterias have metal-beta lactamases (MBLs)

Answer 8

Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter.

These bacterias are resistant to all B-lactans, including carbapenems.

Question 9

Name the some of the types of E.coli.

Answer 9

EPEC - enteropathogenic E.coli
ETEC - enterotoxigenic E.coli
EHEC - enterohaemorrhagic E.coli
EIEC - enteroinvasive E.coli
EAEC - enteroaggregative E.coli

remember: PATHI

Question 10

Name some shigella species

Answer 10

S.dysenteriae
S. flexnerii
S. boydii
S. sonnei