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paras Lecture > Question from 1-3 > Flashcards

Question from 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Giardia lamblia also known as?

A

Giardia duodenalis and Giardia intestinalis​

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2
Q

What is the infective stage of Giardia lamblia?

A

Cyst stage

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3
Q

How does Giardia lamblia divide?

A

Longitudinal binary fission

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4
Q

What are the common symptoms of acute giardiasis?

A

Diarrhea, abdominal bloating, nausea, and flatulence​

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5
Q

Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for Giardia lamblia detection?

A

Direct fluorescent antibody assay

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6
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission for Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Sexual intercourse

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7
Q

Which species of Trichomonas is found in the mouth?

A

Trichomonas tenax

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8
Q

What is the causative agent of giardiasis?

A

Giardia lamblia

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9
Q

What are the two stages of Giardia lamblia?

A

Trophozoite and cyst stages​

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10
Q

How is Giardia lamblia transmitted?

A

transmitted through ingestion of cysts from contaminated food, water, or hands​

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11
Q

What is the most common diagnostic method for Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Saline preparation of vaginal fluid.

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12
Q

What is the causative agent of granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE)?

A

Acanthamoeba spp.

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13
Q

What is the primary mode of entry for Acanthamoeba infections?

A

respiratory system, skin, or eyes.

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14
Q

What is the primary causative agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)?

A

Naegleria fowleri.

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15
Q

How is Naegleria fowleri infection typically acquired?

A

Through the nasal passages during swimming in contaminated water.

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16
Q

What is the infective stage of Naegleria fowleri?

A

trophozoite stage.

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17
Q

What are the characteristic symptoms of PAM?

A

Headache, fever, vomiting, and mental status changes.

18
Q

What is the causative agent of balantidiasis?

A

Balantidium coli.

19
Q

What is the infective stage of Balantidium coli?

A

cyst stage.

20
Q

What are the two stages in the life cycle of Balantidium coli?

A

Trophozoite stage and cyst stage.

21
Q

What is the primary habitat of Balantidium coli?

A

large intestine, particularly the cecal region.

22
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Balantidium coli?

A

Ingestion of contaminated food or water.

23
Q

What is the causative agent of amebic dysentery?

A

Entamoeba histolytica.

24
Q

What are the two forms of Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Trophozoite and cyst forms

25
Q

What is the primary site of infection for Entamoeba histolytica?

A

The large intestine.

26
Q

What is the most common extra-intestinal form of amebiasis?

A

Amebic liver abscess (ALA)

27
Q

What is the preferred treatment for invasive amebiasis?

A

Metronidazole.

28
Q

What is the diagnostic method for amebiasis in stool samples?

A

Direct fecal smear and concentration techniques.

29
Q

What is the drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst passers of Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Diloxanide furoate

30
Q

What is the most common mode of transmission for Blastocystis hominis?

A

fecal-oral transmission.

31
Q

What is the causative agent of Dientamoebiasis?

A

Dientamoeba fragilis.

32
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of Dientamoeba fragilis?

A

Trophozoite stage.

33
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Dientamoeba fragilis?

A

Fecal-oral route and possibly via helminth eggs.

34
Q

How does Trichomonas vaginalis survive outside of the body, and for how long?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis can survive for 1-2 days in wet environments, such as public restrooms​

35
Q

What makes Trichomonas vaginalis different from other protozoa in terms of life stages?

A

It does not have a cyst stage; only the trophozoite stage is present​

36
Q

What morphological features distinguish the trophozoite of Giardia lamblia from other protozoans?

A

It has a pyriform (teardrop) shape, two nuclei, four pairs of flagella, and a concave dorsal side with an adhesive disc​

37
Q

How can the motility of Giardia lamblia trophozoites be observed?

A

Using a direct fecal smear (DFS)

38
Q

What is granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) and which individuals are at risk?

A

GAE is a fatal brain infection caused by Acanthamoeba, affecting immunocompromised individuals

39
Q

How does Naegleria fowleri infect humans?

A

Naegleria fowleri infects via the nasal passages

40
Q

What are the three stages of Naegleria fowleri’s life cycle, and which stage is infective?

A

Naegleria fowleri has three stages: cyst, trophozoite, and flagellate. The trophozoite stage is infective

41
Q

What environmental factors promote the survival and transmission of Naegleria fowleri?

A

It thrives in warm, freshwater environments such as hot springs, poorly maintained swimming pools, and geothermal waters​

42
Q

What are the primary clinical manifestations of Naegleria fowleri infection?

A

headache, fever, vomiting, mental status changes, and rapid progression to coma and death

paras Lecture (5 decks)

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