Question from 1-3

Question 1

What is Giardia lamblia also known as?

Answer 1

Giardia duodenalis and Giardia intestinalis​

Question 2

What is the infective stage of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 2

Cyst stage

Question 3

How does Giardia lamblia divide?

Answer 3

Longitudinal binary fission

Question 4

What are the common symptoms of acute giardiasis?

Answer 4

Diarrhea, abdominal bloating, nausea, and flatulence​

Question 5

Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for Giardia lamblia detection?

Answer 5

Direct fluorescent antibody assay

Question 6

What is the primary mode of transmission for Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 6

Sexual intercourse

Question 7

Which species of Trichomonas is found in the mouth?

Answer 7

Trichomonas tenax

Question 8

What is the causative agent of giardiasis?

Answer 8

Giardia lamblia

Question 9

What are the two stages of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 9

Trophozoite and cyst stages​

Question 10

How is Giardia lamblia transmitted?

Answer 10

transmitted through ingestion of cysts from contaminated food, water, or hands​

Question 11

What is the most common diagnostic method for Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 11

Saline preparation of vaginal fluid.

Question 12

What is the causative agent of granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE)?

Answer 12

Acanthamoeba spp.

Question 13

What is the primary mode of entry for Acanthamoeba infections?

Answer 13

respiratory system, skin, or eyes.

Question 14

What is the primary causative agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)?

Answer 14

Naegleria fowleri.

Question 15

How is Naegleria fowleri infection typically acquired?

Answer 15

Through the nasal passages during swimming in contaminated water.

Question 16

What is the infective stage of Naegleria fowleri?

Answer 16

trophozoite stage.

Question 17

What are the characteristic symptoms of PAM?

Answer 17

Headache, fever, vomiting, and mental status changes.

Question 18

What is the causative agent of balantidiasis?

Answer 18

Balantidium coli.

Question 19

What is the infective stage of Balantidium coli?

Answer 19

cyst stage.

Question 20

What are the two stages in the life cycle of Balantidium coli?

Answer 20

Trophozoite stage and cyst stage.

Question 21

What is the primary habitat of Balantidium coli?

Answer 21

large intestine, particularly the cecal region.

Question 22

What is the mode of transmission for Balantidium coli?

Answer 22

Ingestion of contaminated food or water.

Question 23

What is the causative agent of amebic dysentery?

Answer 23

Entamoeba histolytica.

Question 24

What are the two forms of Entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 24

Trophozoite and cyst forms

Question 25

What is the primary site of infection for Entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 25

The large intestine.

Question 26

What is the most common extra-intestinal form of amebiasis?

Answer 26

Amebic liver abscess (ALA)

Question 27

What is the preferred treatment for invasive amebiasis?

Answer 27

Metronidazole.

Question 28

What is the diagnostic method for amebiasis in stool samples?

Answer 28

Direct fecal smear and concentration techniques.

Question 29

What is the drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst passers of Entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 29

Diloxanide furoate

Question 30

What is the most common mode of transmission for Blastocystis hominis?

Answer 30

fecal-oral transmission.

Question 31

What is the causative agent of Dientamoebiasis?

Answer 31

Dientamoeba fragilis.

Question 32

What is the diagnostic stage of Dientamoeba fragilis?

Answer 32

Trophozoite stage.

Question 33

What is the mode of transmission for Dientamoeba fragilis?

Answer 33

Fecal-oral route and possibly via helminth eggs.

Question 34

How does Trichomonas vaginalis survive outside of the body, and for how long?

Answer 34

Trichomonas vaginalis can survive for 1-2 days in wet environments, such as public restrooms​

Question 35

What makes Trichomonas vaginalis different from other protozoa in terms of life stages?

Answer 35

It does not have a cyst stage; only the trophozoite stage is present​

Question 36

What morphological features distinguish the trophozoite of Giardia lamblia from other protozoans?

Answer 36

It has a pyriform (teardrop) shape, two nuclei, four pairs of flagella, and a concave dorsal side with an adhesive disc​

Question 37

How can the motility of Giardia lamblia trophozoites be observed?

Answer 37

Using a direct fecal smear (DFS)

Question 38

What is granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) and which individuals are at risk?

Answer 38

GAE is a fatal brain infection caused by Acanthamoeba, affecting immunocompromised individuals

Question 39

How does Naegleria fowleri infect humans?

Answer 39

Naegleria fowleri infects via the nasal passages

Question 40

What are the three stages of Naegleria fowleri's life cycle, and which stage is infective?

Answer 40

Naegleria fowleri has three stages: cyst, trophozoite, and flagellate. The trophozoite stage is infective

Question 41

What environmental factors promote the survival and transmission of Naegleria fowleri?

Answer 41

It thrives in warm, freshwater environments such as hot springs, poorly maintained swimming pools, and geothermal waters​

Question 42

What are the primary clinical manifestations of Naegleria fowleri infection?

Answer 42

headache, fever, vomiting, mental status changes, and rapid progression to coma and death