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PTRS 853 Midterm > Question Bank > Flashcards

Question Bank Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal of motor control for the novice?

A

The goal is to find a NEW movement STRATEGY

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2
Q

What can be expected during skill acquisition?

A
  • A high degree of attention to task
  • Variable performance
  • Heavy reliance on FEEDBACK/sensory info to adjust motor response
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3
Q

What is the goal of motor control for an expert?

A

The goal is skill RETENTION – want a permanent change in behavior

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4
Q

What is the focus of developing motor control for an expert?

A
  • Increase movement efficiency/consistency (automatic/fast)
  • Decreased attention demand
  • Decrease reliance on external feedback
  • Use feedback only to adjust to unexpected changes
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5
Q

How does damage to the nervous system alter the motor control game?

A

Motor system = weakness, incoordination, hypertone

Sensory = loss of tactile, proprio, visual, vestibular

Altered perception/safety awareness

Memory/cognitive deficits

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6
Q

What is Task-Oriented Training

A

Manipulation of a task and practice of variables that is focused on pt. centered functional goals that allows the pt. to problem solve motor tasks

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7
Q

What are the skill acquisition strategies for task-oriented treatment?

A
  • Immediate feedback
  • Blocked practice with less variation
  • Motivation
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8
Q

What are the skill retention strategies for task-oriented treatment?

A
  • Summary feedback (allows for pt. to develop internal feedback)
  • Random practice
  • High variation and challenge
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9
Q

T/F: Movement can only be classified as developmental or learned; there is not cross over between classifications.

A

False: classifications aren’t exclusive

Typically developmental movement influences learned movement

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10
Q

T/F: In order to understand abnormal movements in our patients and to know how to address them, we must first understand normal movement and learning.

A

True

Side note: abnormal movement in the context of the pt.’s normal

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11
Q

What does the brain car about in regards to how movement is completed?

A

It depends… options include:

  • Accuracy of movement/Movement Quality
  • Funcitonality/Overall outcome of movement
  • Safety
  • Force
  • TIming
  • Direction
  • Energy Conservation
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12
Q

T/F: “What the brain cares about” changes over the lifespan.

A

True

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13
Q

T/F: Central Pattern Generators are a type of closed loop system.

A

False: open loop

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14
Q

T/F: In an open loop system sensory information is disregarded.

A

False:

Before: need to know intial position

During/After: errors are monitored to modify future movement (cerebellum involved)

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15
Q

What have the concerns about motor programs led to?

A

The concept of generalized motor programs

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16
Q

T/F: Changes in performance can be temporary

A

True: for example, due to fatigue/drugs/etc

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17
Q

How is learning measured?

A

With a retention test or a transfer test

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18
Q

What measure of retention is most often relied on in clinic?

A

Absolute retention or relative difference score when documenting progress

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19
Q

What is the most important variable in motor learning?

A

practice

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20
Q

T/F: Repetitive motor activity alone produces functional reorganization of cortical maps.

A

False: does NOT produce functional reorganization

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21
Q

What type of practice causes remapping of the brian?

A

When a fully learned skill incurs a new challenge

The LEARNING of a skill reorganize the brian

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22
Q

What type of rest periods are more beneficial to performance during practice?

A

longer rest (distributed practice)

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23
Q

What is a diagnostic indicator of an UMN problem?

A

stretch sensitive hypertonicity

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24
Q

How do you examine tone?

A

Passive movement of limbs at varying speeds

(min, mod, severe, modified ashworth, tardieu)

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25
Q

T/F: Static hand splints are beneficial in preventing contracture following stroke

A

False:

tend to decrease function and increase pain

Side note: better alternative = dynamic hand orthosis

26
Q

T/F: Serial casting is effective at improving ROM in ppl w/CP and TBI

A

True

Disadv: higher risk of skin lesion/infection; difficult technique; limited functioning while one

27
Q

T/F: Ankle mobs increase PROM in those s/p stroke allowing for change in functional ankle use

A

False: increased PROM 7-10 degrees but not improvement in function

28
Q

What is the goal of task specific training in a weak pt?

A

Maximize pt-initiated activity to promote motor recovery and plasticity

29
Q

What are the strength training guidelines?

A
  • Overload principle
  • %1 RM
  • Low rep w/rest
30
Q

How do you make high rep exercise demands more engaging for the pt?

A
  • add a speed demand
  • decreased the number but demand perfection
  • motivation
31
Q

T/F: You need to assess strength separate from coordination

A

True: coordination can’t be assessed unless the pt. has sufficient strength

32
Q

What side of the brain drives perception?

A

The non-dominant side of the brain

33
Q

What is the test for motor control called?

A

Fugl Meyer

34
Q

What does NDT stand for>

A

neurodevelopmental treatment

35
Q

Apart from task specific training, what needs to be addressed with mobility training?

A

ROM and Strength

36
Q

T/F: Most functional goals are discrete tasks.

A

False: continuous tasks

37
Q

If the ability to integrate feedback is limited [due to neuropathology] then the system will be acting in an _______ _______ manner to an extent

A

open, loop

38
Q

What drives the closed looop system?

A

Error – cerebellum compares reality to plan and makes adjustments

**Error can be good; body is using error to solve motor problems

39
Q

What is task transfer?

A

The ability to use a general motor plan and apply it to a similar situation – transferring the task skill to a new context

40
Q

What can increase stability with transfers in those SCI?

A

Hooking arms behind objects

41
Q

What degree of tilt provides actual pressure relief?

A

65 degrees of tilt

42
Q

What is the most important factor in W/C prescription

A

Patient’s functional level (now and in the future)

43
Q

What level SCI could benefit from Tbar/goal post control

A

C5/6

44
Q

Why is it important for those with SCI to be able to do WC wheelie

A

Important for uneven terrain/curbs/etc

45
Q

What should you not do in those with autonomic dysreflexia?

A

DO NOT lay them flat (allows pressure to more easily effect the brain)

46
Q

Term: initial period of post spinal injury where reflexes remain hyporeflexive progressing to hyperreflexia

A

Spinal shock

47
Q

T/F: Infertility is uncommon in SCI

A

False: common due to difficulty with temperature regulation

48
Q

What does the stim bike promote in those with SCI?

A

Circulation, prevention of atrophy, osteoporosis prevention

**Osteoporosis is preventing by mm pulling on bone, not just WB alone

**Will not promote mm return

49
Q

T/F: At slower speeds there is increased variability with gait.

A

True

50
Q

When is steady velocity typically reached?

A

Within 1-3 steps

51
Q

Which type of turn is more stable?

A

Step turn

52
Q

What accounts for the largest amount of public falls?

A

Stair walking

Particularly stair descent which accounts for 4/5 falls

53
Q

What sit to stand strategy is seen more commonly in elderly individuals?

A

Zero-momentum strategy

54
Q

T/F: Older adults tend to over correct for erros with gait.

A

True

55
Q

What type of KR delay is importance for integration of movement

A

Post KR Delay

56
Q

T/F: Providing a distracting activity in the KR-Delay interval has not effect on learning.

A

Flase, can interfere with learning

57
Q

T/F: Sometimes qualititative feedback can be erroneous feedback.

A

True: Ex. saying “good job” when the performance was not good

58
Q

Which is better for skill retention, absolute or relative KR frequency

A

Relative (50% frequency)

59
Q

What is the focus of orthotic perscription?

A

Knee stability

60
Q

What is the typical degrees of DF used for orthotics?

A

0 to 5 degrees

61
Q

T/F: There was significant improvement in those pt with FES compared to AFO training

A

False: no significant difference between groups

PTRS 853 Midterm (12 decks)

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