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PTRS 853 Midterm > Gait Exam & Tx > Flashcards

Gait Exam & Tx Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the key elements at the following joints during stace

  1. Ankle
  2. Knee
  3. Hip
A
  1. DF > neutral > PF
  2. Straight > slight flexion
  3. Flexion > neutral > Hyperextension
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2
Q

Describe the key elements during swing

A

All joints (ankle, knee, hip) move from extenstion to flexion

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3
Q

List the 5 elements to note when assessing gait

A
  1. Symmetry
  2. Step pattern
  3. Speed
  4. Trunk posture
  5. Arm swing
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4
Q

List the causes of impaired heel strike - low heel, flat foot, forefoot contact (3)

A
  • Ankle PF hypertonicity
  • Ankle DF weakness/inactivity
  • Knee lacks extension
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5
Q

List the causes of impaired heel strike - excessive inversion (2)

A
  • synergy (either flexion or extension)
  • toe slawing/supination during stance
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6
Q

List the causes of impaired heel strike - excessive eversion (2)

A
  • hypotonicity
  • pronation during stance
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7
Q

List the causes impaired midstance - knee hyperextension (4)

A
  • Ankle PF hypertonicity
  • Ankle PF contracture
  • Limited DF
  • Quadriceps weakness
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8
Q

List the causes of impaired midstance - knee flexion (3)

A
  • HS hypertonicity
  • HS contracture
  • Quadriceps weakness
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9
Q

List the causes of impaired midstance - hip flexion (4)

A
  • hip flexion contracture
  • hip flexion hypertonicity
  • knee flexion contracture
  • knee flexion hypertonicity
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10
Q

List the causes of impaired terminal stance - insufficient hip extension (3)

A
  • hip flexor contracture
  • hip flexor hypertonicity
  • hip extensor weakness
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11
Q

List the causes of impaired terminal stance -insufficient toe-off

A
  • PF weakness
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12
Q

List the causes of impaired swing - inadequate foot clearance (4)

A
  • hip flexor weakness
  • knee flexor weakness
  • DF weakness
  • poor proprioceptive awareness
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13
Q

List the causes of impaired swing - excessive ER (2)

A
  • weak hip flexors (abducters compensate)
  • weak hip adductors?
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14
Q

List the causes of impaired swing - scissoring

A

hip adductor spasticity

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15
Q

List the causes of impaired swing - inadequate knee extension (3)

A
  • quadriceps weakness
  • HS hypertonicity
  • HS contracture
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16
Q

List the causes of impaired swing - poor foot placement (2)

A
  • poor coordination
  • altered proprioception
17
Q

List the gait abnormalities in the following disorders

  1. Stroke
  2. PD
  3. Cerebellar
  4. CP
A
  1. Unilateral; Step (length/pattern/trunk) assymmetry
  2. Bilateral; Shuffling; Poor momentum control; Decreased trunk rotation; Freezing
  3. Ataxic; Inconsistent foot placement
  4. Crouched
18
Q

List ways to examine gait at the level of participation (2)

A
  • Self report measures of mobility (questionnaires)
  • Activity monitors (pedometer, accelerometer)
19
Q

List the requirements for “community ambulation” (6)

A
  • 1000 ft
  • Speed
  • Ambient conditions
  • Physical load
  • Terrain
  • Attentional demands
20
Q

List ways to examine gait at the functional level (4)

A
  • 6 min walk
  • dynamic gait index
  • timed up and go
  • 10 meter walk**
21
Q

List the average and max walk speeds for young and older adults

A

Young average = 1.4 m/s; max = 2.5 m/s

Older average = 1.3 m/s; max = 1.8 m/s

22
Q

List the average walking speed for the following ambulation status

  1. Household (severe)
  2. Limited community
  3. Full community
A
  1. < 0.4 m/s
  2. 0.4-0.8 m/s
  3. > 0.8 m/s
23
Q

Term: movement of joint

A

Kinematics

24
Q

Term: force measurement

A

Kinetics

25
Q

List STG (3) and LTG (2) for Gait

A

STG: change impairments, improve gait pattern, interim step towards LTGs

LTG: functional, pt.-oriented (distance, level of assistance, AD, safety, EE)

26
Q

List strategies for improving progression (3)

A
  1. Manually assistance
  2. Temporary orthotic (ace-wrap)
  3. Focus (facilitation, augmented feedback, exaggerate motion, increased spped demands)
27
Q

List strategies for improving stability (5)

A
  • postural alignment
  • postural control
  • stance limb extensor support
  • stance limb foot placement and heel strike/flat foot transition
  • AD
28
Q

List strategies for improving adaptation (4)

A
  • vary speed
  • obstacles
  • change direction
  • dual task
29
Q

Describe how BWSTT works (6)

A
  • perhipheral sensory input processed by CNS
  • residual connection in damaged SC are plastic and recover
  • LE strength gains
  • CV endurance gains
  • Massed practice
  • Decreased fear
30
Q

Describe the improvements seen in those with SCI who use BWSTT

A

ASIA A: small non functional improvements

Chronic Incomplete SCI: increased walking speed, distance, limb coordination, strength, EE

31
Q

Describe how BWSTT compared to other tx methods

A

BWSTT increased functional walking ability, however, there was no significant difference in improvements b/t early locomotion training/home exercise or b/t later locomotor training/home exercise

Locomotor training, including the use of BWSTT was not shown to be superior to progressive exercise at home managed by a physical therapist.

PTRS 853 Midterm (12 decks)

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