Question 5

Question 1

Define Hazard

Answer 1

Anything with the potential to produce conditions that endanger safety and health

Question 2

Define Risk

Answer 2

The number of incidents / time of exposure or probability that an incident related to a hazard will occur

Question 3

Define Liability

Answer 3

legal concept associated with a wrongful or injurious act of which a civil court action occurs

Question 4

What are the 3 components of risk analysis?

Answer 4

1) Hazard Identification
2) Risk assessment - describing and quantifying risks
3) Risk evaluation - comparing and judging the significance of a risk

Question 5

What are the 4 components of risk management?

Answer 5

1) Option generation
2) Option evaluation
3) Option selection
4) Implementation and enforcement

Question 6

What is PF?

Answer 6

Potency Factor

Question 7

What is CDI?

Answer 7

Chronic Daily Intake

Question 8

What are the axis of a risk matrix?

Answer 8

x = Impact of occurrence
y = Probability of occurrence
(max in bottom right)

Question 9

What are the three types of risks?

Answer 9

1) Design risks (D1, D2…)
2) Project management risks (PM1….)
3) Sustainability risks (SR1…)

Question 10

What is CBA?

Answer 10

Cost Benefit Analysis

Question 11

What are the 4 ethics of engineering principles?

Answer 11

1) Autonomy
2) Beneficence
3) Non-maleficence
4) Justice

Question 12

What are the two ethical philosophy and what are their focuses?

Answer 12

Utilitarianism - focuses on beneficence and non-maleficence, greatest good for most people
Rawl’s Theory of Justice - focuses on equity and justice aims at equity

Question 13

What are the 4 levels of waste management in order from most preferred to least preferred?

Answer 13

1) Source reduction and reuse
2) Recycling
3) Energy recovery
4) Treatment and disposal

Question 14

What is dematerialization?

Answer 14

using less

Question 15

Up-cycling vs Down-cycling

Answer 15

Up = converting discarded materials into something of equal or greater value
Down = Converting discarded materials into something of lesser value ( Stationary to cardboard)

Question 16

what is an f-value?

Answer 16

fraction of material rejected/harvested)

Question 17

What are VR and CR

Answer 17

VR = Volume reduction
CR= Compaction ratio

Question 18

What is Embodied (indirect) energy?

Answer 18

represents all of the energy required to fabricate, package, ship, and sell a product (LCA)

Question 19

What is Direct energy?

Answer 19

provides an energy service that we need

Question 20

what is WTE technology?

Answer 20

Waste to energy technology

Question 21

What is MSW?

Answer 21

Municipal solid waste (often given in weight per year)

Question 22

HHV vs LHV

Answer 22

HHV = higher heat value and includes the energy required to vapourize moisture
LHV = Lower heat value (net energy)

Question 23

What does the F, CP, PLR stand for in the HHV equation?

Answer 23

F = foodwaste
CP = cardboard and paper
PLR = Plastic leather rubber

Question 24

What do the variables in QL = 2,440 (W + 9H) stand for?

Answer 24

QL = latent heat of water vapor released (kJ) 
W = kg of moisture in the waste
H = kg of dry waste that is hydrogen