Question 1 - Factors

Question 1

Define arousal?

Answer 1

A blend of physiological and psychological activity in a person, and it refers to the intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment

Question 2

Explain anxiety

Answer 2

Trait anxiety is a relatively stable and enduring disposition to feel stress worry and discomfort.
State anxiety is moment to moment changes in anxiety
Cognitive anxiety is the psychological component such as worry, nervousness and apprehension
Somatic anxiety is the physiological component such as butterflies, muscle tension and feeling sick

Question 3

What are the effects of arousal on performance?

Answer 3

changes in attentional focus

increase in stress and anxiety

flow states

choking

Question 4

Explain stress

Answer 4

Eustress is a good form of stress. It increases intrinsic motivation and focus and can lead to improved performance
Distress is bad stress and can lead to increased anxiety and poorer performance

Question 5

Define stress

Answer 5

The imbalance between demand and response capability where failure has important consequences

Question 6

Explain arousal

Answer 6

Arousal can vary on a continuum from deep sleep to high excitement. The level of arousal will impact on performance, too high can lead to higher levels of anxiety, choking and a narrow attentional focus. Too low can lead to a lack of motivation and focus

Question 7

Define anxiety

Answer 7

Feelings of nervousness, worry and apprehension associated with activation or arousal of the body

Question 8

What are the effects of stress and anxiety on performance?

Answer 8

Negative effects:
Negative mental state
Possible injury
Aggression
Positive effects:
Helps an athlete to focus
Can increase motivation
Can increase focus

Question 9

What are the effects (4) of over motivation on performance?

Answer 9

Over-confidence
Decrease in performance
Injury
Burnout

Question 10

Define over motivation

Answer 10

When motivation levels can become too high, even dangerous

Question 11

Explain over motivation

Answer 11

Over-motivation can lead to the athlete overtraining because of the pressure to perform at a high level, training addiction and social withdrawal

Question 12

Define motivation

Answer 12

The direction and intensity of one’s effort

Question 13

Explain motivation

Answer 13

Extrinsic motivation relates to those who engage in the activity because of the valued outcome such as money, praise and trophies
Intrinsic motivation relates to those who engage for the love of doing something. Intrinsic motivation consists of stimulation, knowledge and accomplishments

Question 14

What are the effects of motivation on performance

Answer 14

Increased motivation leads to increased effort, persistence and performance

Question 15

Define self-confidence

Answer 15

The belief that you can successfully perform a desired task or behaviour

Question 16

Explain self-confidence

Answer 16

Self-confidence can either be low, over or optimal. Low self-confidence ca lead to a lack of belief and over confidence can lead to an unrealistic perception of ability

Question 17

What are the effects of self-confidence on performance

Answer 17

• Arouses positive emotions
• Positive impact on game strategy
• Improved concentration

Question 18

Define mindset

Answer 18

A psychological attitude that determines how you will interpret and respond to situations

Question 19

Explain mindset

Answer 19

Dweck’s theory explores ‘fixed’ and ‘growth’ mind-sets which can be applied to sport environments. A fixed mindset believe that their qualities are set in stone e.g. intelligence and talent. A growth mindset recognise that dedication and effort are the way to master skills.

Question 20

What are the effects of mindset on performance

Answer 20

A fixed mindset can avoid challenges, give up easily when faced who difficult challenges and react badly when faced with difficult periods. A growth mindset can rise to the challenge, be resilient and keep going, even when things are tough.

Question 21

Define group dynamics

Answer 21

Group dynamics refers to how a group comes together, works together and motivates itself

Question 22

Explain group dynamics

Answer 22

Coactive teams require individuals to achieve success in their individual games, events or performances to achieve overall team success. teams require team members to work with each other in order to achieve a successful performance.
Steiner’s model proposes actual productivity = potential productivity - losses due to faulty processes (motivation and coordination losses)

Question 23

What are the effects of group dynamics on performance?

Answer 23

Task cohesion leads to the sharing of goals and objectives which can increase focus and performance. Social cohesion can lead to increased enjoyment which can lead to increased effort

Question 24

Define leadership

Answer 24

the process of influencing individuals and groups towards set goals

Question 25

Explain leadership

Answer 25

PRESCRIBED - Those leaders who are appointed by some form of higher authority
EMERGENT - Those who achieve leadership status by gaining the respect and support of the group. These leaders generally achieve their status by showing specific leadership skills or being particularly skillful at their sport
Autocratic and democratic

Question 26

Impact of leadership on performance

Answer 26

Emergent leaders can already have a good understanding of the group
Appointed leaders may have fresh innovative strategies which motivate the group
Autocratic can be useful for beginners and dangerous activities
Democratic can be useful for experienced athletes and help develop group ownership

Question 27

Define over motivation

Answer 27

When motivation levels become too high and even dangerous

Question 28

Explain over motivation

Answer 28

Over-motivation can lead to the athlete overtraining because of the pressure to perform at a high level. This can lead to a number of physical and psychological issues for the athlete. Signs of over motivation include social withdrawal, training addiction and overtraining

Question 29

Impact of over motivation

Answer 29

Burnout - Psychological & Physiological
Over confidence
Injury - Due to excessive training load
Decrease in performance

Question 30

Define motivational climate

Answer 30

Environmental factors which have a positive or negative impact on ana individual’s or group’s motivation

Question 31

Define cohesion

Answer 31

The feeling of attraction between group members, and the degree to which members concentrate their efforts to achieve group goals

Question 32

Explain cohesion

Answer 32

• Social cohesion: Interaction of players and their interpersonal relationships (like each other & get on well socially).
• Task Cohesion: Where players work together to achieve common goals and objectives. Each player understands and fulfils their role effectively
• Task cohesion has the biggest positive impact on performance

Question 33

Impact of cohesion on performance

Answer 33

• Task cohesion provides motivation as all members of the team will work hard to achieve their goals. It also impacts on how the group coordinates itself during competition
• Social cohesion can increase the enjoyment the group has which can also have a positive impact on motivation