Question 1.

Question 1

The ontological position of the Quantitative approach.

Answer 1

Realist: there is an objective reality that exists independently of human perception. Phenomena is measurable, contested and studied through empirical observation.

For example, social phenomena such as attitudes, behaviors, or socioeconomic status are viewed as objective entities that can be quantified and studied through systematic observation.

Question 2

The epistemological position of the Quantitative approach.

Answer 2

Positivist: emphasises the importance of observable, measurable phenomena and the use of empirical evidence to verify or refute hypotheses.
It holds that knowledge is derived from sensory experience and empirical evidence, and that scientific inquiry should be objective, systematic, and value-free.
In quantitative research, positivism often involves the use of statistical methods to analyse data and test hypotheses, aiming for generalizability and replicability of findings.

Question 3

Method of Analysis

Use of Statistical Techniques

Answer 3

relies heavily on statistical techniques to analyse numerical data. These techniques allow researchers to summarise, interpret, and draw conclusions from the data in a systematic and objective manner.

Question 4

Method of Analysis

Hypothesis Testing

Answer 4

often formulate hypotheses based on existing theories or empirical evidence. These hypotheses are then tested using statistical analysis to determine whether the data supports or refutes them. This process enables researchers to make objective inferences about the relationships between variables and to evaluate the validity of theoretical claims

Question 5

Method of Analysis

Quantification and Measurement

Answer 5

involves quantifying variables to facilitate numerical comparison and statistical analysis. This typically requires operationalising abstract concepts into measurable indicators that can be reliably and validly measured. Researchers use standardised measurement instruments and techniques to ensure the consistency and accuracy of their measurements

Question 6

Method of Analysis

Emphasis on Generalisability and Replicability

Answer 6

researchers aim to produce findings that are applicable to broader populations and replicable across different settings.