Questiks Tesr Flashcards
Defined the term first ionisation energy
The energy required to remove an electron from each atom in one mole of atoms in gaseous state
What is periodicity
Repeating pattern of properties across the periodic table
Write an equation for bleach
2NaOH + Cl2 —>NaClO + NaCl + H2O
A sample of Brine is a concentrated Aquarius solution of NaCl describe a simple chemical test that you could carry out to show the brine contains Aquarius chloride irons how would you confirm that no other halide ions are present include ionic equations in your answer
Add silver nitrate to cl- if a white precipitate is formed Cl- is present
Ag+ + cl- —> AgCl
Add dilute NH3 and if the precipitate completely dissolves
Group 2 elements also react with dilute hydrochloric acid describe and explain the trend in reactivity of the group 2 elements with dilute hydrochloric acid as the group is descended
Reactivity increases down the group as there is more shielding on the outer most electron has less nuclear attraction so it’s easier to remove the outermost electron so reactivity increases
Solid SIO2 melts at 2230°C solid SICL4 melt at -70° neither of the liquid form conducts electricity suggest the type of lattice structure in solid SIO2 and in solid SICL4 and explain the difference in Melting points in terms of bonding and structure
SIO2 is a giant covalent SICL4 is a simple molecule SICL4 has Vander walls forces and covalent bonds are broken in SIO2 forces are stronger in SIO2 so more energy is required to break forces mean in the boiling point is higher
Define relative atomic mass
The weighted mean mass of an atom relative to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon 12 atom
What is metallic bonding
metallic bond as (electrostatic) attraction between the electrons and the positive ions
Write the equation for the reaction of sodium with oxygen to form sodium oxide
4 Na + O2 —> 2 Na2O
What is ionic bonding
Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Explain why the first ionisation energy sure a general increase from li to Ne
outer electrons closer to nucleus
nuclear charge increases
shielding remains the same
Explain the difference in first ionisation energies of LI and Na
atomic radii increase
there is more shielding
the nuclear attraction decreases
Write an equation to represent the second ionisation energy of oxygen including state symbols
O+(g) —> O2+(g + e–
Suggest why the second ionisation energy of oxygen has a greater value than the first ionisation energy
the electron repulsion/shielding is smaller
What is meant by the term atomic number
Number of protons in the nucleus
State the formula of the two ions are released when sulphuric acid is an Aquarius solution
H plus SO42 minus
A student as a sample of solid potassium carbonate to an excess of dilute sulphuric acid describe what the student would see and write the equation for the reaction which place takes place
 Effervescence
potassium carbonate dissolve
H2SO4 + K2CO3 —> K2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
What is meant by an orbital
A region of space that can hold up to 2 electrons
What colour does Cl2 turn to when you add I- ions
Purple
What colour does Br2 turn to when you add Cl- ions
Orange
Eqquation for addition of CL2 to Br- ions
Cl2 +2Br– —> 2Cl– + Br2
These three experiments alone are unable to confirm the order of reactivity for Chlorine bromine and iodine suggest one further displacement reaction which could be carried out to confirm the order of reactivity Of chlorine bromine and iodine
Addition of Br2(aq) to I–(aq) ions
What is relative isotopic mass
The mass of an isotope compared to 1/12 of a carbon 12 atom
Explain why xenon has a lower first ionisation energy than neon
Xenon has a bigger atomic radius
Xenon has more shielding
So the outermost electron has less nuclear attraction
Predict the bond angle in a F2O molecule explain your answer
104
There are two bonded pairs and to lone pairs lone pairs repel more than bonded pairs
A student has a solution that contains bromide ions the student carries out the following experiment step one Wilson chlorine gas through the sample of the solution the mixture changes colour write an ionic equation for the reaction that takes place in the step
Cl2 + 2Br- → Br2 + 2Cl–
A student has a solution that contains bromide ions the student code of the following experiment step to the student then add an organic solvent cyclohexane to the mixture she shakes the content and allows the latest to separate what colour does the cyclohexane turning step to
Yellow
Why does ICl have a higher boiling point than Cl2
ICl has more electrons. ORA
ALLOW I has more electrons ALLOW more van der Waals’ forces
Stronger van der Waals’ forces in ICl (than in Cl2) ORA OR
More energy is needed to overcome van der Waals’ forces in ICl ORA
11
(b)
The hydrazine molecule, H,N-NH2, is covalent.
Predict the H-N-H bond angle in a hydrazine molecule.
Explain your answer.
Predicted bond angle 107o
There are 3 bonded pairs and 1 lone pair
Electron pairs repel
Lone pairs repel more than bonded pairs
What is electronegativity
The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond
