Quest 6 Part 1

Question 1

Red Queen Hypothesis

Answer 1

A species must adapt and evolve not just for a reproductive advantage, but also for survival because competing organisms are also evolving

Question 2

Environmental unpredictability

Answer 2

variation in environmental harshness (age-specific of morbidity-mortality) over space and time

Question 3

Mullers Ratchet

Answer 3

predicts that small asexual populations are doomed to accumulate ever-increasing deleterious mutation loads as a consequence of the magnified power of genetic drift and mutation that accompanies small population size

Question 4

Dead Clade walking

Answer 4

refers to fossil groups that suffer major drops in their biodiversity at a mass extinction but do not completely disappear from the fossil record

Question 5

Parasite load

Answer 5

a measure of the number and virulence of the parasites that a host organism harbors

Question 6

Cyclical Parthenogenesis

Answer 6

organisms undergo several rounds of clonal reproduction followed by a sexual event.

Question 7

Amplexus

Answer 7

the mating embrace of some amphibians in which the male typically takes a position on the back of the female and tightly grasps onto the female with his front legs

Question 8

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 8

refers to differences in size and shape between females and males of the same species

Question 9

Apomixis

Answer 9

the formation of the plant from a seed without fertilization or normal sexual reproduction

Question 10

Automixis

Answer 10

several reproductive processes whereby a new individual derives from a product or products of a single meiotically dividing cell

Question 11

Amphimixis

Answer 11

sexual reproduction involving the fusion of two different gametes to form a zygote

Question 12

Anisogamy

Answer 12

form of sexual reproduction wherein males and females produce sex cells, or gametes, of different sizes

Question 13

Asexual reproduction

Answer 13

mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent

Question 14

Inter and intra sexual selection

Answer 14

intersexual selection occurs when one sex chooses which members of the opposite sex to mate with while intrasexual selection occurs when members of the same sex compete for mates

Question 15

Direct benefits

Answer 15

resources females gain directly from the male such as gift of food, or care for the offspring

Question 16

Genital plug

Answer 16

form from coagulated ejaculate and are found in several animal species. Promote male fertilization success under promiscuous mating

Question 17

Infanticide

Answer 17

the intentional killing of young offspring by a mature animal of the same species

Question 18

Runaway selection

Answer 18

a mechanism whereby a secondary sexual trait expressed in one sex becomes genetically correlated with a preference for the trait in the other sex

Question 19

Handicap principle

Answer 19

proposes that females prefer males with handicaps (mating characters that reduce survival chances) because handicaps are indicators of heritable viability