Quesmed videos (parkinson's) Flashcards
What are key features of parkinson’s disease?
Resting tremor
Cogwheel rigidity
Bradykinesia
Postural instability
What are the main 4 differentials for parkinson’s?
Parkinson’s disease (aka idiopathic parkinson’s disease)
Vascular parkinsonism
Drugs i.e. haloperidol
Parkinson plus syndromes
What is a big defining feature of parkinson’s disease?
Parkinson’s disease is usually asymmetrical
So if the patient has a resting tremor, it would only usually affect the one hand.
What are non-motor features of parkinson’s?
Anosmia (loss of smell)
Dementia
Depression
REM sleep disorder - acting out vivid dreams
Orthostatic hypotension
Restlessness
Constipation
Urinary urgency
Impulsive control disorders (usually secondary to dopamine agonists i.e. ropinirole)
What are the main 4 types of parkinson-plus syndromes?
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Multiple system atrophy
Corticobasal degeneration
Dementia with lewy bodies
What is progressive supranuclear palsy?
The progressive degeneration of nerve cells in certain areas of the brain, particularly the basal ganglia and brainstem.
What are key features of progressive supranuclear palsy?
Key features include difficulty with balance and coordination, stiffness or rigidity, slow movements (bradykinesia), and problems with eye movements, including difficulty looking up or down.
What protein accumulation is progressive supranuclear palsy associated with?
Associated with the accumulation of abnormal tau protein in brain cells.
What is multiple system atrophy?
A rare neurodegenerative disorder that affects multiple systems of the body, including the nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and motor system.
Key characteristics of multiple system atrophy?
Characterized by symptoms such as parkinsonism (similar to Parkinson’s disease), autonomic dysfunction (such as orthostatic hypotension, urinary incontinence), and cerebellar ataxia (impaired coordination and balance).
What protein accumulation is multiple system atrophy associated with?
Associated with the accumulation of abnormal alpha-synuclein protein in brain cells.
What is corticobasal degeneration?
A progressive neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration of nerve cells in certain areas of the brain, including the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia.
What are common features of corticobasal degeneration?
Common features include asymmetric rigidity and stiffness, apraxia (loss of the ability to perform purposeful movements), dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions), and cognitive impairments.
What protein accumulation is corticobasal degeneration associated with?
Associated with the accumulation of abnormal tau protein in brain cells.
What is dementia with Lewy bodies?
A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal protein aggregates called Lewy bodies in nerve cells.