Quesmed videos (parkinson's) Flashcards

1
Q

What are key features of parkinson’s disease?

A

Resting tremor

Cogwheel rigidity

Bradykinesia

Postural instability

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2
Q

What are the main 4 differentials for parkinson’s?

A

Parkinson’s disease (aka idiopathic parkinson’s disease)

Vascular parkinsonism

Drugs i.e. haloperidol

Parkinson plus syndromes

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3
Q

What is a big defining feature of parkinson’s disease?

A

Parkinson’s disease is usually asymmetrical

So if the patient has a resting tremor, it would only usually affect the one hand.

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4
Q

What are non-motor features of parkinson’s?

A

Anosmia (loss of smell)

Dementia

Depression

REM sleep disorder - acting out vivid dreams

Orthostatic hypotension

Restlessness

Constipation

Urinary urgency

Impulsive control disorders (usually secondary to dopamine agonists i.e. ropinirole)

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5
Q

What are the main 4 types of parkinson-plus syndromes?

A

Progressive supranuclear palsy

Multiple system atrophy

Corticobasal degeneration

Dementia with lewy bodies

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6
Q

What is progressive supranuclear palsy?

A

The progressive degeneration of nerve cells in certain areas of the brain, particularly the basal ganglia and brainstem.

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7
Q

What are key features of progressive supranuclear palsy?

A

Key features include difficulty with balance and coordination, stiffness or rigidity, slow movements (bradykinesia), and problems with eye movements, including difficulty looking up or down.

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8
Q

What protein accumulation is progressive supranuclear palsy associated with?

A

Associated with the accumulation of abnormal tau protein in brain cells.

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9
Q

What is multiple system atrophy?

A

A rare neurodegenerative disorder that affects multiple systems of the body, including the nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and motor system.

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10
Q

Key characteristics of multiple system atrophy?

A

Characterized by symptoms such as parkinsonism (similar to Parkinson’s disease), autonomic dysfunction (such as orthostatic hypotension, urinary incontinence), and cerebellar ataxia (impaired coordination and balance).

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11
Q

What protein accumulation is multiple system atrophy associated with?

A

Associated with the accumulation of abnormal alpha-synuclein protein in brain cells.

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12
Q

What is corticobasal degeneration?

A

A progressive neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration of nerve cells in certain areas of the brain, including the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia.

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13
Q

What are common features of corticobasal degeneration?

A

Common features include asymmetric rigidity and stiffness, apraxia (loss of the ability to perform purposeful movements), dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions), and cognitive impairments.

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14
Q

What protein accumulation is corticobasal degeneration associated with?

A

Associated with the accumulation of abnormal tau protein in brain cells.

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15
Q

What is dementia with Lewy bodies?

A

A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal protein aggregates called Lewy bodies in nerve cells.

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16
Q

Features of dementia with Lewy bodies?

A

Shares some clinical features with both Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, including parkinsonism, cognitive impairment, visual hallucinations, and fluctuating alertness.

DLB is considered a parkinson-plus syndrome due to its overlap with Parkinson’s disease and its distinct pathological features.