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Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

“Stuck on” appearance?

A

Basal cell papilloma

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2
Q

Picket fence pearly border?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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3
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Coeliac disease

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4
Q

Erythema nodosum?

A

Commonly sarcoidosis, also Ulcerative Colitis and TB.

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5
Q

“Erythematous Bullseye lesion” (Erythema migrans)?

A

Lyme disease

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6
Q

Ash Leaf Spots/Shagreen patches?

A

Tuberous sclerosis

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7
Q

Honey covered crust?

A

Impetigo (caused by staph or group A haemolytic strep)

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8
Q

Café au lait spots?

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1 or 2

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9
Q

Silver scales, extensor surfaces i.e. elbows and knees?

A

Psoriasis

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10
Q

Cauliflower appearance?

A

Plantar warts

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11
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

HIV, immunosuppressed (transplant)

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12
Q

Intense erythema on cheeks (and proximals limbs) of child?

A

Slapped cheek (caused by [erythrovirus] Parvovirus B19)

Also known as erythema infectiosum or “fifth” disease.

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13
Q

Small, umbilicated, translucent papules that look fluid-filled but are solid?

A

molluscum contagiosum

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14
Q

Flaccid blisters than can be burst easily to form erythematous erosions?

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris - desmosomes (caused by antibodies directed against both desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3)

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15
Q

Large tense bullae that are itchy and cannot be burst?

A

Bullous Pemphigoid - hemidesmosomes

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16
Q

Pepper pot skull/lytic lesions?

A

Myeloma

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17
Q

Apple green birefringence with congo red staining on histology?

A

Amyloid deposition of biopsied tissue in Myeloma and Al amyloidosis

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18
Q

Reed-sternberg cells?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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19
Q

Philadelphia chromosome (translocation of chromosome 9 and 22)?

A

CML (chronic myeloid leukaemia)

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20
Q

Atypical lymphocytes?

A

EBV (mononucleosus)

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21
Q

Auer rods?

A

AML (acute myeloid leukaemia)

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22
Q

Bence jones proteins present in urine?

A

Multiple myeloma

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23
Q

“itchy after hot bath” - aquagenic pruritis?

A

Polycythemia vera

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24
Q

Translocation of chromosomes 8 and 14?

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (specific type of non-hodgkin’s lymphoma).

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25
Q

Alcohol consumption produces painful lymph nodes?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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26
Q

Haemarthrosis (bleeding into joint spaces)?

A

Haemophilia

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27
Q

Young boy with reduced levels of factor VIII and an increased APTT?

A

Haemophilia A

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28
Q

Reduced levels of factor IX with Christmas Disease?

A

Haemophilia B (aka Christmas disease)

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29
Q

Schillings Test indicates a deficiency of what vitamin?

A

Vitamin B12

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30
Q

What are smudge cell mainly found in?

A

CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukaemia)

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31
Q

JAK-2 mutations are common in what?

A

Essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera

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32
Q

Bite cells, blister cells and Heinz bodies indicate _____?

A

G6PD deficiency excaerbated by certain factors i.e. drugs (colchicine) and foods (fava beans).

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33
Q

Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward?

A

Pericarditis

34
Q

Irregularly irregular pulse/no clear P waves?

A

Atrial fibrillation

35
Q

Raised JVP/hepatojugular reflux indicates?

A

Right side heart failure

36
Q

Saddle shaped ST elevation?

A

Pericarditis

37
Q

Broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

38
Q

Tall, tented T waves and wide QRS complexes?

A

Hyperkalaemia

39
Q

4 components of Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Pulmonary stenosis

Ventricular septal defect

Overriding aorta

Right ventricular hypertrophy.

40
Q

Presence of collapsing pulse (hammering pulse when arm is elevated and pulse checked)?

A

Aortic regurgitation

41
Q

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels Pleural effusion.

A

Pulmonary oedema

42
Q

Ground-glass appearance on X-ray

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

43
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli and Caseous necrosis

A

TB (tuberculosis)

44
Q

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad? What test should be done for this?

A

Legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)

45
Q

Acute management of asthma (mnemonic OSHITMAN)?

A

Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask

Salbutamol Nebulised back-to-back.

Hydrocortisone IV or Prednisolone PO

Ipratropium Bromide Nebulised hourly

Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV

Magnesium and call an
Anaesthetist

46
Q

Thumbprint sign on x ray. Child drooling and sitting forward.

A

Epiglottitis

47
Q

Gingivectomy/Biting on own gums medication side-effect?

A

Side effect of Calcium Channel Blockers or phenytoin

48
Q

Causes of acute pancreatitis (GET SMASHED)?

A

Gallstones

Ethanol

Trauma

Steroids

Mumps

Autoimmune

Scorpion bites/stings

Hyperlipidaemia + hyperthermia + hypercalcaemia

ERCP

Drugs

49
Q

Catecholamines in the urine, headaches, hypertension and palpitations?

A

Pheochromocytoma

50
Q

Tanned skin without being on holiday?

A

Addison’s

51
Q

Increased shoe size, ‘spade hands’, wedding ring too tight?

A

Acromegaly

52
Q

Moon face, proximal weakness, stretch marks, buffalo hump, abdominal fat?

A

Cushing’s

53
Q

Ketones on breath (sweet smelling/pear drop breath)?

54
Q

“Orphan Annie” Nuclei?

A

Papillary thyroid cancer

55
Q

Bone pain, stones, abdo pain, psychiatric problems (bones, stones, groans, moans)?

A

Hypercalcaemia (hyperparathyroidism)

56
Q

Psammoma bodies?

A

Found in papillary thyroid cancers

57
Q

Heat intolerance/palpitations

A

Hyperthyroidism

58
Q

Cold intolerance/weight gain

A

Hypothyroidism

59
Q

Anosmia (loss of smell) and isolated GnRH deficiency?

A

Kallmann’s syndrome

60
Q

Pencil-in-cup X-ray appearance, sausage fingers?

A

Psoriatic arthritis

61
Q

Wrist Drop

A

Radial nerve palsy

62
Q

Foot Drop

A

Common peroneal nerve palsy

63
Q

Arthritis + Uveitis + Urethritis (can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree)

A

Reactive arthritis

64
Q

Fractured shaft of humerus

A

damaged radial nerve

65
Q

Fractured neck of humerus

A

damaged axillary nerve

66
Q

Numbness over sergeants patch

A

axillary nerve palsy

67
Q

Hanging rope sign?

A

AVN (avascular necrosis)

68
Q

Shortened leg and externally rotated

A

Displaced fracture neck of femur

69
Q

Shortened leg and internally rotated

A

Dislocated femoral head

70
Q

“Onion-peel” sign?

A

Ewing sarcoma

71
Q

“Sunray” spiculation?

A

Osteosarcoma

72
Q

“Popcorn calcification” on X Ray?

A

Chondrosarcoma

73
Q

“Soap bubble” appearance on X Ray?

A

Giant cell tumour (benign)

74
Q

‘Cannon balls’

A

Renal metastases on CXR

75
Q

“Loin to groin pain”

A

Renal colic

76
Q

What is involved in sepsis 6 (mnemonic: BUFALO)?

A

B Blood cultures / any other relevant cultures eg stool
U Urine output measurement
F IV Fluids
A Antibiotics
L LDH and FBC
O high flow O2

77
Q

Bones of the hand?

A

Start from thumb (i.e. laterally in anatomical position),

bottom line
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

Back to thumb, top line
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

78
Q

Layers of the adrenal cortex layer and their secretions?

A

“Go Find Rex, Make Good Sex”

Zona glomerulus = mineralocorticoids

Zona fasciculata = glucocorticoids

Zona reticularis = sex hormones

79
Q

What are the 4 H’s and 4 T’s for reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

A

Hypovolaemia
Hypothermia
Hyperkalaemia/hypokalaemia
Hypoxia

Tamponade
Tension pneumothorax
Thromboembolism
Toxin

80
Q

What are the layers of the skin epidermis?

A

“Keep Grannies Proud Buy Dentures”

Keratin layer
Granular layer
Prickle cell layer
Basal layer
Dermis

81
Q

6P’s of acute limb ischaemia?

A

Paraesthesia

Painful

Pulselessness

Pale

Perishingly cold

Miscellaneous (22 decks)

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