QuesMed Errors

Question 1

What sign is more specific to Diabetic Retinopathy over Hypertensive Retinopathy?

Answer 1

Venous beading is caused by retinal ischaemia.

Question 2

What are the causes of Retinal Ischaemia (3)?

Answer 2

Diabetic retinopathy, but also central retinal vein occlusion and sickle cell disease.

Question 3

What are Roth Spots?

Answer 3

Retinal haemorrhages with a white centre - micro abscesses on the retina caused by septic emboli (in Infective Endocarditis).

Question 4

What shape ulcers are seen in Corneal conditions? (4)

Answer 4

1. Bacterial - Single, Well-Demarcated White Ulcer.
2. Viral - Dendritic.
3. Fungal - Multiple, Poorly-Demarcated Fluffy White Lesions with Satellite Lesions.
4. Corneal Abrasion - Vertical Linear Defect in the Corneal Epithelium.

Question 5

What is a Corneal Abrasion?

Answer 5

A defect in the corneal epithelium, without inflammation of the underlying stroma.

Question 6

How do you investigate Ankylosing Spondylitis (in relation to Acute Iritis)?

Answer 6

Sacroiliac X-Ray.

Question 7

What is Dacryocystitis?

• Definition.
• Clinical Presentation.
• Treatment.

Answer 7

Definition : Infection of the Lacrimal Sac due to blockage of the nasolacrimal (tear) duct.
Clinical Presentation : Pain and tenderness over the medial canthus, lacrimation and purulent discharge.
Treatment : Warm Compression and Oral Antibiotics.

Question 8

What is the definition of high myopia?

Answer 8

A prescription above -6 for glasses.

Question 9

What is Molluscum Contagiosum?

• Definition.
• Aetiology.
• Pathophysiology.

Answer 9

Definition : Viral infection of the skin, causing small, umbilicated, raised lesions on the eyelid.
Aetiology : Poxvirus.
Pathophysiology : Small elevations of lymphoid tissue on the tarsal conjunctiva - follicular conjunctivitis.

Question 10

What is the definitive management of Acute Glaucoma?

Answer 10

Bilateral Laser Peripheral Iridotomy.

Question 11

What is Trachoma?

Answer 11

Bacterial keratoconjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia Trachomitis - poor hygiene areas.

Question 12

What is the commonest sign of Retinoblastomas?

Answer 12

Leucocoria (white pupillary reflex).

Question 13

What is Wilson’s Disease?

Answer 13

Autosomal Recessive Disorder - defect in ATP7B gene on chromosome 13 which codes for ATP that excretes Copper in the bile and forming Caeruloplasmin (Copper Carrier in blood). This causes high Urinary Copper and low Caeruloplasmin.

Question 14

What are the Ocular Signs of Wilson’s Disease? (2)

Answer 14

1. Kayser-Fleischer Rings (Copper Deposition in the Cornea).

2. Anterior Subcapsular Cataracts (Sunflower Cataracts).

Question 15

What is Proptosis?

Answer 15

Forward displacement of the globe within the bony orbit.

Question 16

What is Lagophthalmos?

Answer 16

Inability to fully close the eyelids, secondary to proptosis.

Question 17

What is Lid Retraction?

Answer 17

Retraction of the eyelid in the resting state.

Question 18

What is Ophthalmia Neonatorum?

Answer 18

Neonatal conjunctivitis.

Question 19

Ocular Metastases (3).

Answer 19

1. Reside in Choroid.
2. Yellow Lesion.
3. Commonly from Lung (Men) and Breast (Female).