Benign Eyelid Disorders

Question 1

What is Blepharitis?

Answer 1

Inflammation of the eyelid margins.

Question 2

Risk Factor of Blepharitis.

Answer 2

Rosacea.

Question 3

Aetiology of Blepharitis (2).

Answer 3

1. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (commoner - posterior Blepharitis).
2. Seborrheic Dermatitis/Staphylococcal Infection (less commoner - anterior Blepharitis).

Question 4

Clinical Features of Blepharitis (3).

Answer 4

1. Red Eyelid Margins.
2. Itchy Gritty Dry Sensation.
3. Bilateral and Sticky Eyes in Morning.

Question 5

Management of Blepharitis (2).

Answer 5

1. LID HYGIENE : Hot Compresses (2x a day) and Gentle Cleaning of Eyelid Margins - Remove Debris : Cotton Wool dipped in Sterilised Water and Baby Shampoo.
2. Lubricating Eye Drops e.g. Hypromellose (least viscous - short acting); Polyvinyl Alcohol; Carbomer (most viscous - long acting).

Question 6

Associations of Blepharitis (2).

Answer 6

Styes and Chalazions.

Question 7

What is a Stye?

Answer 7

Hordeolum Externum - infection of the glands of Zeis (sebaceous glands at the base of eyelashes) or Moll (sweat glands at base of eyelashes) : an abscess at the eyelash follicle, often caused by Staphylococcus.

Question 8

Clinical Presentation of Stye.

Answer 8

Tender Red Lump along Eyelid containing pus, pointing outwards to cause pain and local inflammation.

Question 9

Management of Stye (2).

Answer 9

1. Hot Compresses and Analgesia.

2. Topical Antibiotics e.g. Chloramphenicol if Conjunctivitis or persistent.

Question 10

What is a Chalazion?

Answer 10

Hordeolum Internum - infection of the Meibomian glands (deeper and can point inwards toward the eyeball).

Question 11

Clinical Presentation of Chalazion.

Answer 11

Non-Tender Swelling in Eyelid pointing inwards.

Question 12

Physiology of Meibomian Glands.

Answer 12

Secrete oil onto surface of the eye to prevent rapid evaporation of tear film. Blockage causes drying and irritation.

Question 13

Management of Chalazion (3).

Answer 13

1. Hot Compresses and Analgesia.
2. Topical Antibiotics if Acute Inflammation.
3. Surgical Drainage if no resolution.

Question 14

What is Entropion?

Answer 14

The eyelid turns inwards with the lashes against the eyeball, resulting in pain and corneal damage and ulceration.

Question 15

Management of Entropion (2).

Answer 15

1. Tape down eyelid to prevent it turning inwards. Use regular lubricating eye drops to prevent eye drying out.
2. Definitive = Surgical Intervention.

Question 16

What is Ectropion?

Answer 16

The eyelid turns outwards with the inner aspect of the eyelid exposed (usually bottom).

Question 17

Management of Ectropion.

Answer 17

1. Regular Lubricating Eye Drops.

2. Mild - None; Severe - Surgery.

Question 18

What is Trichiasis?

Answer 18

Inward growth of the eyelashes, resulting in pain and corneal damage and ulceration.

Question 19

Management of Trichiasis.

Answer 19

1. Epilation (removal of eyelash).

2. Recurrent cases - Electrolysis, Cryotherapy, Laser Treatment to prevent regrowth of lash.