PassMed Errors

Question 1

Which cause of acute painless red eye is associated with constipation prior to the eye change?

Answer 1

Subconjunctival haemorrhage - constipation causes increased intra-abdominal pressure which can cause the haemorrhage (other causes : weight-lifting, straining, coughing).

Question 2

How does the Cover Test work?

Answer 2

When covering the unaffected eye and focussing on a fixed point, the squinted eye will move in the opposite position to the squint.

Question 3

What is Hutchinson’s Sign?

Answer 3

Vesicles extending to the tip of the nose - strong association with ocular involvement in Shingles.

Question 4

What is the commonest cause of Floaters and Flashes?

Answer 4

Posterior Vitreous Detachment.

Question 5

Screening of Glaucoma.

Answer 5

Those with a positive family history of glaucoma should be screened annually from aged 40 years.

Question 6

What can bleeding after a bash to the head cause?

Answer 6

Blunt ocular trauma with associated hyphema is a high-risk scenario of raised intraocular pressure.

Question 7

What type of eye drops are a risk factor for developing Keratitis?

Answer 7

Steroid eye drops are a risk factor, this is because they act by reducing inflammation and thus the immune reaction to an infection, this leads the cornea at risk of infection from a bacteria, fungi or protists.

Question 8

What is a Holmes-Aide Pupil?

Answer 8

Dilated pupil which poorly (if at all) reacts to direct light, however, slowly reacts to accommodation.

Question 9

What is a Marcus-Gunn Pupil?

Answer 9

RAPD.

Question 10

What is an Argyll-Robertson Pupil?

Answer 10

Constricted pupil that does not respond to light but responds to accommodation. It is usually bilateral and is often associated with neurosyphilis. (Memory : Prostitute - it accommodates and does not react.)

Question 11

Is Pilocarpine a Direct Sympathomimetic Agent or Direct Parasympathomimetic Agent?

Answer 11

Direct Parasympathomimetic Eyedrops