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ESSHP: Section 2 > Quaternary Climate Events > Flashcards

Quaternary Climate Events Flashcards

1
Q

When did the PETM happen?

A

Between the Palaeocene and Eocene of the Palaeogene in the Cenozoic in the phanerozoic ~60Ma

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2
Q

What were the rising temperatures in the PETM caused by?

A

Major rise in 12C that caused a thick greenhouse gas layer to form

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3
Q

How much did temperature rise over what period during the PETM?

A

5 degrees Celsius over 20kyr

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4
Q

What is the British name for the last interglacial?

A

Ipswichian

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5
Q

When is the Ipswichian thought to have taken place roughly?

A

130-70kya

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6
Q

What MIS is the Ipswichian?

A

5 (specifically 5e)

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7
Q

How much higher was sea level during the Ipswichian?

A

8metres

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8
Q

How much further north was sea ice in the Northern hemisphere during the Ipswichian?

A

800km

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9
Q

How much higher were temperatures during the Ipswichian across the world?

A

1-2 degrees Celsius

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10
Q

How much higher were temperatures during the Ipswichian across the Arctic (Greenland)?

A

4-8 degrees Celsius

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11
Q

What is the British name for the last glacial period?

A

Devensian

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12
Q

When did the Devensian stretch between? What gets complicated toward the end

A

~70kya-11.5kya. From around 15kya however the transition in to the Holocene is heavily punctuated by rapid climate change events that make it seem that the glacial period has already come to an end

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13
Q

What MIS is the Devensian?

A

MIS 5d-2. Perhaps just say from MIS 4

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14
Q

What was sea level during the Devensian relative to today?

A

-120m below

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15
Q

How much did temperatures increase by per decade since the last glacial?

A

1 degrees Celsius

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16
Q

What was the CO2 concentration during the Devensian?

A

190ppm

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17
Q

What was the source of the findings about the Devensian within the British literature?

A

Lake Windermere, Cumbria

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18
Q

When did the Devensian reach it s maximum extent in the British Ice Sheet?

A

~21kya

19
Q

What marks the end of the Devensian/LGIT?

A

End of the Younger Dryas Stadial

20
Q

When did the Bolling Allerod interstadial take place?

A

~14.5-12.5kya

21
Q

When did the Older Dryas mini stadial happen?

A

Small time period within the Bolling Allerod interstadial

22
Q

When did the Younger Dryas happen?

A

12.5-11.5kya

23
Q

What were Greenland temperatures during the bolling allerod interstadial?

A

12 degree Celsius above today’s levels

24
Q

How long did it take for the younger dryas to happen?

A

40 years but some say as little as 10

25
Q

How long did the Younger Dryas last?

A

1100 years

26
Q

What were the temperatures in Greenland and Britain during the Younger Dryas?

A 
Greenland = 15 degrees Celsius below today's levels 
Britain = 5 degrees Celsius below today's levels
27
Q

What is the best source of evidence for the Younger Dryas?

A

Cariacao Basin, Columbia - it shows a dramatic event in this record

28
Q

What are the two proposed causes of the Younger Dryas?

A

Freshwater input from 4 Lake Agassiz outburst events or the Antarctic Cold Reversal

29
Q

What is a less supported cause for the YD?

A

Extra-terrestrial impact

30
Q

What is the Antarctic Cold Reversal?

A

Event that preceded the Bolling Allerod and then as the event withered the Younger Dryas happened

31
Q

What was a unique climatic effect associated with the Antarctic Cold Reversal?

A

Bipolar seesaw effect

32
Q

When did the Holocene start?

A

11.5kya to present

33
Q

What MIS is the Holocene?

A

MIS 1

34
Q

What was the 8.2kyr event?

A

Major stadial event within the Holocene like the YD

35
Q

What was the proposed cause of the 8.2kyr event?

A

Freshwater impulse similar to the YD cause

36
Q

What did temperatures reach over Greenland during the 8.2kyr event?

A

6 degrees Celsius reduction

37
Q

What did the Methane concentration display with the 8.2kyr event?

A

reduced by 15% over 150 + or - 30 years

38
Q

What was the 4.2kyr event?

A

Pronounced dry event that coincided with Bond Event 3

39
Q

What was the impact of the 4.2kyr event on global climate?

A

N. hem = cooling, S. hem = warming, Tropics = drying

40
Q

What are the three proposed dates of when the ‘Anthropocene’ started?

A

Neolithic Revolution (6kya), industrial period, rapid acceleration period

41
Q

What do the IPCC estimate CO2 and CH4 concentrations will be by 2100 if we continue to act in the same way?

A 
CO2 = 1,200ppm
CH4 = 3,500ppm
42
Q

What is the current CO2 level?

A

~400ppm

43
Q

What temperature rise will be experienced if we continue to adopt the ‘business as usual’ approach?

A

6 degrees celsius

44
Q

What temperature rise will be experienced if we adopt the low emissions model scenario?

A

1.8 degrees Celsius

ESSHP: Section 2 (14 decks)

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