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Biology > Quarterly Exam III > Flashcards

Quarterly Exam III Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

resting phase, DNA = chromatin, the period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division

A

Interphase

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2
Q

cylindrical cell organelle, seen near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells

A

centrioles

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3
Q

series of events a cell goes through as it grows and divides.

A

Cell cycle

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4
Q

process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

A

Cell division

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5
Q

the result from the division of a parent cell

A

daughter cells

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6
Q

the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.

A

chromatin

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7
Q

threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information

A

chromosome

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8
Q

each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.

A

chromatid

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9
Q

the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division.

A

centromere

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10
Q

nuclear division

A

mitosis

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11
Q

cytoplasm dividing

A

cytokinesis

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12
Q

—First and longest phase
Chromosomes become visible
–Centrioles separate – spindle fibers form
–Nuclear membrane breaks up – nucleolus disappears

A

prophase

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13
Q
  • -Chromosomes line up in the “middle” along the equator of the cell
  • -in the end chromosomes separate … centromeres “untie” begin to separate
A

metaphase

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14
Q

Chromosomes pulled – apart to the opposite ends of cell

Spindle fibers disappear

A

anaphase

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15
Q

–Nuclear membrane forms
–Chromosomes “unravel” chromatin
–Pinching in … (cytokinesis begins)
–Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis
which begins during ____
–Cytokinesis (cytoplasm divides)

A

telophase

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16
Q

It extends outward until it separates the cell and forms a new cell wall producing two daughter cells.

A

cell plate

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17
Q
  • -Equal division of nuclear materials cytoplasm divides equally
  • -Common in unicellular organisms: identical offspring
A

binary fission

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18
Q
  • -in unicellular organisms - similar to binary fission except
  • -Cytoplasm is unequally divided - one daughter cell is larger than the other.
  • -New cells may detach or form colonies occurs in yeast
A

budding

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19
Q

specialized reproductive cells that have a tough protective coat (mold)

A

spores

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20
Q

the development of an organism from a part of the original organism and involves cell division

A

regeneration

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21
Q

plants develop from part of the parent plant, such as root, stem, or leaf

A

vegetative propagation

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22
Q

tulip

A

bulbs

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23
Q

strawberries

A

cutting, runner

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24
Q

horizontal underground stem that sends out both shoots and root

A

rhizome

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25
Q

cutting and fusing together

A

grafting

26
Q

When offspring are produced from a single parent.

The offspring are IDENTICAL to the parent.

A

Asexual Reproduction

27
Q
  • -the male reproductive organ in flowers

- -It consists of two parts an anther and a filament

A

stamen

28
Q

ontain haploid (1n) male sex cells produced by meiosis in the anther.

A

Pollen grains

29
Q

the female reproductive organ in flowers

A

pistil

30
Q

where the pollen grain is deposited

A

stigma

31
Q

A stalk in flowers called the

A

style

32
Q
  • -fertilization occurs here!

- -containing ovules where the female sex cells (gametes) are produced by meiosis

A

ovary

33
Q

to make sex cells gametes

A

meiosis (cell division)

34
Q

Forms a new plant NOT identical to the parents.

A

sexual reproduction in seed plants

35
Q

transfer of grains from anther to stigma

A

pollination

36
Q

transfer of pollen from an anther to stigma of the same flower

A

Self- pollination

37
Q

Transfer of pollen from anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower

A

Cross-pollination

38
Q

the grain is recognized

A

Germination

39
Q

grows down the style to the ovary

A

Pollen tube

40
Q

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

A

Haploid

41
Q

containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

A

Diploid

42
Q

Why a cell must undergo division

A

so you can grow and so your cuts heal

43
Q

creating gametes

A

gametogenesis

44
Q

male sex cells

A

sperms

45
Q

women sex cells

A

Egg (ovum)

46
Q

Sex cells

A

Gametes

47
Q

Eggs are

A

large

48
Q

Sperm are mobile = ___________ they have a tail to move.

A

motility (mobility)

49
Q

Sperm form in the

A

testes

50
Q

Eggs are formed in the

A

ovaries

51
Q

uring meiosis each original male cell becomes

A

4 haploid sperm

52
Q

the three remaining cells at the end of the creation of the egg

A

polar body

53
Q

Union of the egg and sperm fusion of the nuclei.

A

FERTILIZATION

54
Q

the process by which two cells of different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism

A

Sexual Reproduction

55
Q

The cell resulting from the fusion is called a

A

zygote

56
Q

organs that produce gametes (haploid sex cells)

A

Gonads

57
Q

Male gonads

A

testes

58
Q

Female gonads are the

A

ovaries

59
Q

cause the appearance of the secondary sex characteristics

A

puberty

60
Q
  • To produce, maintain, and transport sperm and semen.

- To discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract during sex.

A

The male system

61
Q 
testes
seminal vesicle
vas deferens 
bladder
Prostate gland
Cowper’s Gland
penis
urethra
A 
testes
seminal vesicle
vas deferens 
bladder
Prostate gland
Cowper’s Gland
penis
urethra

Biology (9 decks)

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