MPII U2 DS Organ Functions

Question 1

Mouth

Answer 1

site of ingestion

Question 2

Tongue and teeth

Answer 2

mechanical digestion increases surface area

Question 3

Salivary Glands

Answer 3

secrete saliva “chemical digestion”

Question 4

saliva

Answer 4

moistens food, contains enzyme = salivary amylase which works on polysaccharides (starch)

Question 5

Pharynx

Answer 5

throat, involved in swallowing

Question 6

Esophagus

Answer 6

long tube connecting throat to stomach

Question 7

Peristalsis

Answer 7

rhythmic muscular contractions that push food through the tube

Question 8

Stomach

Answer 8

sphincter muscles

Question 9

pepsin

Answer 9

enzyme that digests proteins

Question 10

HCl

Answer 10

hydrochloric acid

Question 11

mucus

Answer 11

coats and protects the stomach wall

Question 12

chyme

Answer 12

vomit

Question 13

Small Intestine

Answer 13

• MOST chemical digestion occurs here.
• site of absorption of nutrients into the blood
• Food is completely broken down into monomers (nutrients)

Question 14

villi

Answer 14

• increase surface area for absorption.

- Each microvilli contain capillaries which absorb the nutrients into the blood by diffusion

Question 15

Liver

Answer 15

secretes bile

Question 16

gall bladder

Answer 16

emulsifies fats

Question 17

Pancreas

Answer 17

• secretes 4 chemicals into the duodenum:
• amylase: continues breakdown of starch
• trypsin: continues breakdown of protein
• lipase: breaks down fat
• sodium bicarbonate: neutralizes acid from stomach (base) pH (8-9)

Question 18

Large Intestine (Colon)

Answer 18

• removes water from undigested food.
• absorption of water into the blood.
• houses (healthy)bacteria.
• vitamin K

Question 19

Rectum

Answer 19

temporarily stores feces

Question 20

Anus

Answer 20

• end of alimentary canal

- site of elimination