MPII U2 DS Nutrition

Question 1

A disturbance in a system

Answer 1

INBALANCE in homeostasis.

Question 2

obtains materials from the environment and processes them into a usable form

Answer 2

NUTRITION

Question 3

In order for your body to do work it must have

Answer 3

energy

Question 4

taking in food

Answer 4

Ingestion

Question 5

breakdown of large food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the organism

Answer 5

Digestion

Question 6

removal or elimination of undigested materials from an organism

Answer 6

Egestion

Question 7

all the usable parts of food we eat that are used as energy for metabolic processes

Answer 7

Nutrients

Question 8

physically breaking down of food into smaller pieces

Answer 8

Mechanical Digestion

Question 9

using enzymes to chemically break down polymers into monomers

Answer 9

Chemical digestion

Question 10

“catalysts” = affect the rate of chemical reactions

Answer 10

Enzymes

Question 11

adding water to break apart

Answer 11

Hydrolysis

Question 12

ALIMENTARY CANAL

Answer 12

also called GI tract

Question 13

TONGUE AND TEETH

Answer 13

mechanical digestion increases surface area

Question 14

moistens food, contains enzyme

Answer 14

saliva

Question 15

which works on polysaccharides (starch)

Answer 15

salivary amylase

Question 16

“throat”

Answer 16

Pharynx

Question 17

long tube connecting throat to stomach

Answer 17

Esophagus

Question 18

rhythmic muscular contractions that push food through the tube

Answer 18

Peristalsis

Question 19

sphincter muscles at each end (cardiac and pyloric)

Answer 19

Stomach

Question 20

glands line the stomach wall and secrete chemicals into stomach. (gastric juices)

Answer 20

Chemical digestion

Question 21

enzyme that digests proteins

Answer 21

pepsin

Question 22

hydrochloric acid

Answer 22

HCl

Question 23

coats and protects the stomach wall

Answer 23

mucus

Question 24

• MOST chemical digestion occurs here.
• site of absorption of nutrients into the blood.
• Food is completely broken down into monomers (nutrients).
• lower portion adapted for absorption.
• finger-like projections called villi.
  
  • increase surface area for absorption.
  • Each microvilli contain capillaries which absorb the nutrients into the blood by diffusion

Answer 24

Small Intestine

Question 25

secretes bile

Answer 25

liver

Question 26

emulsifies fats

Answer 26

gall bladder

Question 27

secretes 4 chemicals into the duodenum: - amylase: continues breakdown of starch - trypsin: continues breakdown of protein - lipase: breaks down fat

Answer 27

pancreas

Question 28

neutralizes acid from stomach provides optimum pH (8-9)

Answer 28

sodium bicarbonate

Question 29

- removes water from undigestable food. - absorption of water into the blood. - houses (healthy)bacteria. - vitamin K

Answer 29

large intestine (colon)

Question 30

- lowest section of the large intestine. | - temporarily stores feces.

Answer 30

Rectum

Question 31

- end of alimentary canal | - site of elimination (egestion)

Answer 31

Anus

Question 32

Acid Reflux - - Chronic heartburn - Acid backs up into the esophagus - Sphincter muscle does not close properly

Answer 32

Heartburn

Question 33

- Bacterial infection in the stomach and upper intestine. | - Can be caused by certain medications, or by smoking.

Answer 33

Ulcer

Question 34

- Located in the lower right portion of the abdomen. - Begins as a pain in the abdomen, first around the belly button, then moving to the lower right area. - Treatment = surgery or infection spreads and could lead to death

Answer 34

Appendicitis

Question 35

- Feces do not remain in the large intestine long enough for water to be absorbed. - Can be caused by bacteria or viruses. - Body can become dehydrated.

Answer 35

Diarrhea

Question 36

- Feces remain in the colon too long. | - Can be caused by too little fiber or water in the diet.

Answer 36

Constipation

Question 37

- Caused by mouth bacteria - Prevented by brushing teeth and flossing. - And regular dental checkups!

Answer 37

Tooth decay