Quarter 2

Question 1

Germanic

Answer 1

Fairy tales
The monsters in the stories move from Classical Greek (centaurs, Gorgans) to the Germanic/centra, European creatures of the dark(trolls, werewolves, vampires)

Question 2

Castles

Answer 2

Romantics knew the Romans didn’t build them so the goths must have
~ architecture isn’t square, but irregular
~ stories are set in these buildings bc they are weird, old, scary, barbaric—inspires feelings of fear and unease

Question 3

Romantics used these gothic settings as ..?

Answer 3

Artistic representation of the mind and what goes on in the individual

Question 4

Components of the gothic story

Answer 4

1. Movement is vertical (top of the structure represents the mind, the basement or dungeon is the subconscious where the real dead is)
2. The four characters (metaphorically, each is part of a total person)

Question 5

The four (metaphoric) characters in the gothic story

Answer 5

1. The dangerous man
2. The safe man
3. The wise old man
4. The questing woman

Question 6

The dangerous man (in the gothic story)

Answer 6

• often scarred but beautiful
• had knowledge, often of the dark side
• they often come from underground
• titled
• often masked
• can be female (often in Poe’s work)
• represents the dark and dangerous side of ourselves

Question 7

The safe man (in the gothic story)

Answer 7

(The dumb boyfriend in horror movies)

• not helpful, quite useless
• the boring hero who wants the same girl as the dangerous man
• represents the non adventurous side

Question 8

The wise old man (in the gothic story)

Answer 8

• offers the answers that society knows
• know so where the dragons scales are weak
• represents conventional thinking, what the community knows

Question 9

The questing woman (in the gothic story)

Answer 9

• going out into the world, looking
• goes out into the dark, the world of death
• pulled between the dangerous man and the safe man
• that part that wants to fix things
• the soul, the self, the ego
• the adventurous side of ourselfsm

Question 10

Final element in gothic literature is n

Answer 10

New life (marriage, birth)

• getting all the voices to work together allows for creativity for something new
• we have to be aware of and control the dark side of it takes us over
• in the end the safe man takes on some parts of the dangerous man

Question 11

Background on Poe

Answer 11

• wanted to be a poet more than a story writer

- wrote poems to his potential patrons trying to pay the rent

Question 12

Fall of the house of usher

Answer 12

• haunted palace (representation of the mind)
• characters not necessarily meant to be individuals, but voices in the head
• mental movement as opposed to physical

Question 13

In literature, the forest is often a symbol of ..?

Answer 13

The subconscious, the mind

Question 14

Goth

Answer 14

Post-roman, medieval

Question 15

History of American romanticism

Answer 15

1. Last of the founding fathers have died off
2. Country has been revolted but is now stable
3. Nation building—what the US would look like
4. Mass market for popular literature made possible by the rise un literacy and technology of printing
5. Heavily influenced by British romantic movement which corresponded with the French rev

Question 16

Characteristics of Romantic Philosophy and Art

Answer 16

~ universe is mysterious, incomprehensible (a change from the enlightenment view)
~ individuality (what is special in a man is more valuable than the whole)
~ imagination (if god created world by imagining it, then we can)
~ nature as a source of inspiration and wisdom
~ democracy and individual freedom are valued
~ interest In the past (Greek and roman, Celtic myth, gothic..)
~ belief in the perfectability of man (but not society)
~ spiritual force in nature and mind (over soul)
~ fascination with youth and innocence and trusting ones emotions

Question 17

Gothic and romanticism

Answer 17

Gothic combines horror and romance
The supernatural
Art: the grotesque, picturesque, the beautiful

Question 18

Major figures in the romanticism era

Answer 18

Poe 
Melville
Irving 
Whitman 
Emerson Thoreau 
Hawthorne whitman

Question 19

Romanticism

Answer 19

• Emotional
• individualistic
• revolutionary
• loving solitude and nature
• fantasy and introspection
• organic
• exotic
• idealist philosophy
• “Nobel savage”

Question 20

Romanticism literary characteristics

Answer 20

• Characters and setting set apart from society
• static characters (no development)
• characterization
• universe is mysterious, irrational, incomprehensible
• formal language
• good receives justice
• nature can punish or reward
• plot arranged around crisis moments

Question 21

Plot in romanticism demonstrates

Answer 21

• romantic love
• honor and integrity
• idealism of self
• supernatural foreshadowing (dreams, visions)
• ## description provides a “feeling” of the scene

Question 22

Conditions that influenced American romanticism

Answer 22

• frontier promised opportunity for expansion, growth, freedom (Europe lacked those elements)
• spirit of optimism invoked by the promise of an uncharted frontier
• immigration brought new cultures and perspectives

Question 23

What is romanticism?

Answer 23

A Movement from one mode of thinking to another

enlightenment–> romanticism

Question 24

The big “I”s of romanticism

Answer 24

Imagination
Intuition
Individual
Idealism

Question 25

Romanticism begins

Answer 25

Around the time of the French rev (which was romantic)

Question 26

The human mind (according to romantics)

Answer 26

Imitates the highest divine mind

Question 27

Define transcend

Answer 27

To move on

Question 28

Transcendentalism emerged in ________ as a reaction to _________

Answer 28

New England , enlightenment

Question 29

Emerson and his followers felt Locke’s theory of

Answer 29

Tabula rasa

Question 30

the “highest power of the soul” and is a power that “never reasons, never proves, it simply perceives”

Answer 30

Emerson on intuition

Question 31

Transcendentalists were a small group living in

Answer 31

Concord, Massachusetts

Question 32

Hawthorne and Melville are

Answer 32

Anti-transcendentalists

Question 33

Fundamental beliefs of transcendentalists

Answer 33

• nature is good
• “organic” art (artists should invent new forms)
• individualism
• intuitions
• nature is symbolic
• over soul
• everyone can experience god first hand
• principle

Question 34

Transcendentalist thought on intuition

Answer 34

Basic truths come by way of intuition rather than the senses or reason

Question 35

Over soul

Answer 35

Humanity and nature share a universal soul. Everything is driven by this creative force.

Question 36

Thoreau

Answer 36

• born just before the destruction of the civil war
• close friend of emerson
• only transcendentalist to have actually been born in concord
• knew Greek and roman classics and Hinduism
• almost became a school teacher but resigned (didn’t want to use corporal punishment)
• staunch abolitionist

Question 37

Thoreau influenced

Answer 37

• Ghandi with his book “civil disobedience” (used for foundation of Indian rev)
• Martin Luther King

Question 38

“The attitude of great poets is to cheer up slaves and horrify despots”

Answer 38

Walt whitman

Question 39

Whitman

Answer 39

• used a touch of realism
• claimed no particular religion
• considered all nature and life to be holy