Quarter 1 Flashcards
By the late 1780s, dissatisfaction with the Articles of Confederation included a belief that the national government
had grown too powerful.
was too closely tied to England.
was pushing America into another war with England.
was ineffective.
had sold too much western land to speculators.
was ineffective
In 1786, Alexander Hamilton found an important ally, in his push for a stronger central government, in
Thomas Jefferson.
James Madison.
George Washington.
Benjamin Franklin.
Thomas Paine.
James Madison
Which event, more than any other, convinced George Washington that the Articles of Confederation needed to be revised?
the Spanish threat to take New Orleans
the British refusal to evacuate the forts of the Northwest
Shays’s Rebellion
the Whiskey Rebellion
the Battle of Fallen Timbers
Shays’ Rebellion
The delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787
did not fear concentrated government power.
welcomed the possibilities of direct democracy.
were suspicious of wealthy property owners.
well represented the diversity of the national population.
were well educated by the standards of their time.
were well educated by the standards of their time
At the start of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the delegates ruled that
their proceeding would be open to the public.
states would have proportional voting based on each state’s population.
each state delegation would have a single vote.
slavery would have to be preserved within the United States.
the country needed a stronger army to prevent further popular uprisings.
each state delegation would have a single vote
The Virginia Plan called for
retaining the Articles of Confederation, with the addition of a national executive.
a two-tier national legislature.
combining the three smallest states into one large state.
a Senate in which each state would have two members.
an end to the slave trade and gradual emancipation.
a two-tier national legislature
The New Jersey Plan
proposed a legislature consisting of a House of Representatives and a Senate.
was chosen by the convention delegates to replace the Virginia Plan.
had the general support of the larger states.
expanded the taxation and regulatory powers of Congress.
was proposed by delegate Edmund Randolph.
expanded the taxation and regulatory powers of Congress
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 came close to
abolishing slavery.
granting citizenship to slaves.
granting suffrage for free black males.
abolishing slavery and granting citizenship to slaves.
None of these answers is correct.
None of these answers is correct
The achievement of the “Great Compromise” of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was its resolution of the problem regarding
women and voting.
the definition of citizenship.
political representation.
states versus federal authority.
expansion of slavery into the territories.
political representation
In the Constitutional Convention of 1787, for the purpose of political representation, slaves were classified as
three-fifths of a free person.
non-taxable.
property.
equivalent to children.
citizens.
three-fifths of a free person
In the Constitutional Convention of 1787, a major concession to the pro-slavery delegates was the
agreement that half of all future states would allow slavery.
strengthened fugitive slave provision.
continuation of the slave trade for at least twenty more years.
guarantee of the permanent continuation of slavery where it existed.
denial of suffrage to free black men.
continuation of the slave trade for at least twenty more years
At the Philadelphia convention, James Madison argued that the ultimate authority of the federal government came from the
individual states.
people.
Congress.
Constitution.
rule of law.
people
James Madison’s ideas regarding republican government
were drawn from the French philosopher Baron de Montesquieu.
reflected his fear that a large republic was more likely to result in tyranny.
assumed that political factions would help in preventing tyranny.
suggested that the state governments were ultimately sovereign.
All these answers are correct.
were drawn from the French philosopher Baron de Montesquieu
Under the “checks and balances” system of the Constitution of 1787, federal judges
were appointed by Congress.
served for life.
were elected by state legislatures.
could not reverse state court rulings.
served at the pleasure of the executive.
served for life
Under the Constitution of 1787, the people would directly elect
members of the House of Representatives.
members of the Senate.
the president.
federal judges.
All these answers are correct.
members of the House of Representatives
Delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 recommended the document be ratified by
a direct vote of the people.
special state ratifying conventions.
another national convention.
state legislatures.
the Confederation Congress.
special state ratifying conventions
In the debate over the Constitution of 1787, Antifederalist opponents to the document
were better organized.
had the support of George Washington.
feared that poorly educated men would be elected to prominent political offices.
believed the new government was not strong enough to maintain order.
argued that the Constitution would put an end to individual liberty.
argued that the Constitution would put an end to individual liberty
Who among the following was one of the authors of The Federalist Papers?
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
George Mason
Samuel Adams
Alexander Hamilton
The core complaint of Antifederalists about the proposed Constitution of 1787 was that it
placed obstacles between the people and the exercise of power.
omitted references to God.
allowed the people to have too much direct influence on the choosing of politicians.
granted the states too much power.
failed to abolish slavery.
placed obstacles between the people and the exercise of power
The Antifederalists
saw the power of the southern states as the chief obstacle to an effective new government.
feared that the new government would be too weak to enforce its new powers.
feared that the government too much favored common people over the “well-born.”
saw themselves as defenders of the principles of the American Revolution and feared that the new government would widely abuse its powers.
saw themselves as defenders of the principles of the American Revolution and feared that the government too much favored common people over the “well-born.”
saw themselves as defenders of the principles of the American Revolution and feared that the new government would widely abuse its powers
The first state to ratify the Constitution in 1787 was
New Hampshire.
Delaware.
Connecticut.
New Jersey.
Rhode Island.
Delaware
Virginia and New York ratified the Constitution of 1787 under the assumption that
a provision would be added allowing for the direct election of presidents.
Thomas Jefferson would become the first president.
there would be a ban on the importation of slaves.
a bill of rights would be added later, in the form of amendments.
it would not be ratified by enough other states to become binding.
a bill of rights would be added later, in the form of amendments
In the first national elections in 1789,
all the presidential electors cast their votes for George Washington.
Thomas Jefferson was chosen to be vice president.
the presidential inauguration was held in Philadelphia.
John Adams campaigned against George Washington.
Antifederalists won a convincing majority in the Senate.
all the presidential electors cast their votes for George Washington
Nine of the first ten amendments to the Constitution placed limits on the
states.
new government.
rights of individuals.
courts.
presidential cabinet.
new government
According to the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Supreme Court was to be
composed of nine members.
the judicial power for interpreting the constitutionality of state laws.
directly elected by the people.
both composed of nine members and the judicial power for interpreting the constitutionality of state laws.
both composed of nine members and directly elected by the people.
the judicial power for interpreting the constitutionality of state laws
The first secretary of the treasury under the new government of 1789 was
Alexander Hamilton.
Thomas Jefferson.
Robert Morris.
James Madison.
Henry Knox.
Alexander Hamilton
In the 1790s, those who were labeled Republicans envisioned developing a nation that would
be highly commercial and urban.
be largely agricultural and rural.
be a leading world power.
eventually control most of North America.
eventually grant political rights to women and minorities as well as white men.
be largely agricultural and rural
Federalists controlled the new government under the Constitution for its first
four years.
eight years.
twelve years.
sixteen years.
twenty years.
twelve years
As president, George Washington
had never envisioned a strong central government.
considered it his duty to resolve political controversies.
sought to dominate national politics.
grew concerned that the federal government was gaining too much power.
avoided personal involvement with the deliberations of Congress.
avoided personal involvenement with the deliberations of Congress
The dominant figure of George Washington’s administration was
George Washington.
Thomas Jefferson.
Henry Knox.
Alexander Hamilton.
Aaron Burr.
Alexander Hamilton
As treasury secretary, Alexander Hamilton
wanted to eliminate the national debt.
opposed the federal government’s assumption of state debts.
supported the creation of a national bank.
encouraged the federal government to focus on the needs of the independent farmer.
All these answers are correct.
supported the creation of a national bank
Under Alexander Hamilton’s plan, a new national bank would
have a monopoly on the government’s banking business.
facilitate the collection of taxes.
provide loans to private businesses.
act as a storehouse for federal deposits.
All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct
Alexander Hamilton recommended that the federal government raise revenue through
an import tax and a personal income tax.
a sales tax and a property tax.
an excise tax and an import tax.
an excise tax and a sales tax.
a sales tax and a personal income tax.
an excise tax and an import tax
Alexander Hamilton’s funding plan
was eventually passed by Congress essentially as Hamilton had desired.
was supported by James Madison.
was rejected by Congress.
called for paying all bondholders only a fraction of the value of the bonds.
called for dividing bonds between their original purchasers and speculators.
was eventually passed by Congress essentially as Hamilton had desired
Alexander Hamilton’s plan for the federal government to assume state debts was passed by Congress after a deal was made to
give a pay increase to government employees.
appoint key Jefferson allies to the Washington administration.
create two new states in the West.
locate the nation’s capital between Virginia and Maryland.
eliminate the national bank.
locate the nation’s capital between Virginia and Maryland
James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and other leaders opposed Alexander Hamilton’s proposed national bank on the grounds that
Congress had no authority to create a national bank.
a national bank would lead to currency inflation.
a national bank would lead to rampant speculation.
Congress had no authority to create a national bank, and a national bank would lead to currency inflation.
a national bank would lead to currency inflation and rampant speculation.
Congress had no authority to create a national bank
Which group opposed Alexander Hamilton’s economic program on the grounds that they would bear a disproportionate tax burden?
creditors.
manufacturers.
the urban wealthy.
Federalists.
small farmers.
small farmers
In the Constitution, political parties were
not mentioned.
described as dangerous.
encouraged.
viewed as temporary factions.
specifically proscribed.
not mentioned
The emergence of an alternative political organization to the Federalists was prompted by
a dispute over President Washington’s policies for westward expansion.
fear that the Federalists were attempting to end free elections.
belief that the power of the Federalists needed to be restrained.
a growing debate over the national bank.
fear that George Washington would try to run for a third term.
belief that the power of the Federalists needed to be restrained
The two preeminent Republicans of the 1790s were
Alexander Hamilton and James Monroe.
John Adams and James Madison.
John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr.
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
During the 1790s, regional support in the United States for Federalists was greatest in the
rural Deep South.
rural Far West.
Northeast.
Southwest.
mid-Atlantic region.
Northeast
In America, the French Revolution was generally praised by
Federalists.
Republicans.
Federalists and Republicans.
Indians and slaves.
no one.
Republicans
The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 saw
the federal government conduct itself much as it did during Shays’s Rebellion.
violent clashes between urban merchants and American troops.
a briefly successful move by Pennsylvania to secede from the Union.
a failed attempt by Pennsylvania to secede from the Union.
President Washington lead thousands of troops into the field.
President Washington lead thousands of troops into the field
In reference to Indians living in the United States, the Constitution
made no mention of Indian nations.
stated Indian tribes were entitled to direct representation in the federal government.
required the federal government to respect treaties negotiated under the Confederation.
declared Congress had no legal right to regulate commerce with Indian tribes.
defined a precise legal standing for Indians and Indian nations.
required the federal government to respect treaties negotiated under the Confederation
Jay’s Treaty (1794)
avoided a likely war with England.
secured British compensation for recent attacks on American ships.
led to the withdrawal of British forces posted on the American frontier.
prompted England to send its first minister since the Revolution to the United States.
recognized the right of Americans to navigate the Mississippi to its mouth.
avoided a likely war with England
Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) was negotiated between the United States and
Great Britain.
France.
Spain.
the Netherlands.
the Iroquois Confederacy.
Spain
Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) gave the United States
the right to navigate the Mississippi River to its mouth.
the freedom to use the port at New Orleans.
a desired fixed northern boundary of Florida.
assurances that Indians in Florida would be prevented from launching northern raids.
All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct
The election of 1796 saw
a Federalist president and a Republican vice president take office.
the Republicans win the presidency for the first time.
the House of Representatives determine the presidential victor.
the Federalists reach their height of power and unity.
John Adams become president on the Republican ticket.
a Federalist president and a Republican vice president take office
The “XYZ Affair”
involved foreign interference in an American presidential election.
involved secret foreign treaties with nearby Indian nations.
increased tensions between the United States and Great Britain.
was prompted by a feud between John Adams and Alexander Hamilton.
led to an undeclared war between the United States and France.
led to an undeclared war between the United States and France
The Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
gave the federal government effective authority to stifle any public criticism.
were aggressively used by the Adams administration to suppress public criticism.
were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
gave the federal government effective authority to stifle any public criticism, and were aggressively used by the Adams administration to that effect.
were aggressively used by the Adams administration to suppress public criticism until they were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
gave the federal government effective authority to stifle any public criticism
In the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, it was asserted that
the Republicans had betrayed the spirit of the Constitution.
the federal government had the right to void state laws.
the Supreme Court had no constitutional authority to invalidate federal laws.
the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution was unjust.
states had the right to nullify federal laws.
states had the right to nullify federal laws
In the late 1790s, on the political scene,
the United States was deeply and bitterly divided.
the republican form of government had won over most skeptics.
the power of the Republicans was declining.
the United States had developed a clear two-party system.
there was considerable agreement over most important foreign policy questions.
the United States was deeply and bitterly divided
The presidential campaign in 1800
saw the Republicans win a decisive victory over the Federalists.
was notable for the sensational personal slandering of both candidates.
saw leading Federalists in Congress attempt to engineer the election of Aaron Burr.
was decided by a newly elected Republican Congress.
was further complicated by the emergence of a third party, the Whigs.
was notable for the sensational personal slandering of both candidates.
Who described the election of 1800 as the “Revolution of 1800”?
Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
John Adams
James Madison
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
The Judiciary Act of 1801
was passed by the new Republican Congress.
increased the size of the Supreme Court by two seats.
was an attempt by Federalists to secure their hold on the courts.
resulted in the Federalists losing control of the judiciary.
was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
was an attempt by Federalists to secure their hold on the courts
Regarding education, early-nineteenth-century Republicans favored
a nationwide system of free public schools for all male citizens.
the federal government paying the costs of primary schools.
private schools as the primary institutions of learning.
the practice that only the children of elite families received an education.
free college education for all white male citizens of the republic.
a nationwide system of free public schools for all male citizens
In the early nineteenth century, school education was largely the responsibility of
private institutions.
the states.
individual cities and towns.
the federal government.
individual parents.
private institutions
The writer Judith Sargent Murray argued that women
should have the same educational opportunities as men.
were equal to men in intellect and potential.
should have a role in society apart from their husbands.
should have opportunities to earn their own livings.
All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct
Thomas Jefferson believed American Indians were primitive people
who had been greatly mistreated by white Americans.
who might become civilized through exposure to white culture.
who should be completely separated from white society.
with no redemptive qualities.
who nevertheless had an education system worth emulating.
who might become civilized through exposure to white culture
Around 1800, higher education in the United States
served about two percent of the white men in the country.
began to admit many more poor citizens than before.
gave access to women, blacks, and Indians.
was increasingly becoming dominated by public institutions.
saw the number of colleges and universities growing substantially.
saw the number of colleges and universities growing substantially
The first American medical school was established at
Harvard.
William and Mary.
the University of North Carolina.
the University of Pennsylvania.
Columbia.
the University of Pennsylvania
In the study of medicine during the early nineteenth century,
anatomy became the leading contributor to medical knowledge.
municipal leaders sought better public awareness of sanitation to reduce diseases.
most physicians spoke out against the practice of bleeding and purging.
most doctors received their training by working with an established physician.
physicians found the public remarkably receptive to new discoveries and innovations.
most doctors received their training by working with an established physician
The expansion of the medical profession during the early nineteenth century resulted in a
broad increase in the number of hospitals.
decline in midwives.
rapid rise in care for the disabled.
significant gain in the general body of medical knowledge.
large jump in average life expectancy.
decline in midwives
Noah Webster thought every American schoolboy should be educated
in a skilled trade.
to appreciate European culture.
in community service.
as a nationalist.
in Greek and Latin.
as a nationalist
The writer Washington Irving is best remembered for his works on
Ichabod Crane and Rip Van Winkle.
the American Revolution.
George Washington.
Philadelphia society.
the Mohican Indians.
Ichabod Crane and Rip Van Winkle
The religious concept of deism
emphasized the role of God in the world.
challenged many of the ideas that had emerged in the Enlightenment.
argued for a remote God that had withdrawn from human affairs.
was frowned upon by educated Americans such as Jefferson and Franklin.
All these answers are correct.
argued for a remote God that had withdrawn from human affairs
Religious skepticism resulted in
the decline of universalism.
a growth of commitment to organized churches and denominations.
both the philosophy of “unitarianism” and a wave of revivalism.
the disestablishment of the Anglican Church.
no discernible effect on American religious life.
both the philosophy of “unitarianism” and a wave of revivalism
The Second Great Awakening
rejected the idea of the Trinity.
was consistent with the ideas of the Enlightenment.
helped promote universalism and Unitarianism.
was confined to New England.
began as an effort by church establishments to revitalize their organizations.
began as an effort by Church establishments to revitalize their organizations
The Second Great Awakening helped spread all of the following denominations EXCEPT the
Baptists.
Unitarians.
Presbyterians.
Methodists.
Baptists and Unitarians.
Unitarians
The message of the Second Great Awakening
called for an active and fervent piety.
restored the traditional belief in predestination.
incorporated the belief of skeptical rationalism.
found its greatest number of converts among young men.
was rejected by most women as being retrograde and reactionary.
called for an active and fervent piety
The revivalism of the Second Great Awakening
was largely limited to white Americans.
pacified opponents of slavery.
encouraged racial unrest.
was rejected by the black American community.
fostered an anti-egalitarian religious ethos.
encouraged racial unrest
During the Second Great Awakening, the Indian revivalist Handsome Lake called for
the adoption by Indian tribes of white American culture.
an armed Indian rebellion against white American society.
the United States to live up to its broken treaties with Indian tribes.
the return of lands taken from Indian tribes by the United States.
the restoration of traditional Indian culture.
the restoration of traditional Indian culture
The cotton gin was invented by
Robert Fulton.
Eli Whitney.
Samuel Slater.
Albert Gallatin.
Moses Brown.
Eli Whitney
The invention of the cotton gin in the late eighteenth century
allowed for the introduction of cotton in southern coastal states.
had a profound effect on the textile industry in New England.
reduced the total number of slaves in the American South.
led to a great increase in the production of long-staple cotton.
None of these answers is correct.
had a profound effect on the textile industry in New England
Eli Whitney is a major figure in American technology for introducing the
concept of interchangeable parts.
first modern factory.
steam engine.
mechanized assembly line.
steel plow.
concept of interchangable parts
In the early eighteenth century, the Americans Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston
invented the steam engine.
made significant advances in steam-powered navigation.
developed the nation’s first merchant marine.
brought the first steam engines from England to the United States.
launched America’s first railroad engine, the Clermont, in 1807.
made significant advances in steam-powered navigation
The early nineteenth century in America is known as the “turnpike era” because
most towns and villages became connected by a network of inexpensive roads.
Americans stopped transporting goods by canal in favor of roads.
the federal government provided free land to road construction companies.
concrete was first developed as a long-life road surface.
many roads were built for profit by private companies.
many roads were built for profit by private companies
Population data of the United States in 1800 reveals
ten percent of the non-Indian population lived in towns of more than 8,000.
no American city had a population larger than 28,000.
New York was the most populous city in the country.
the nation remained overwhelmingly agrarian.
fifteen percent of the population lived in towns of more than 8,000.
the nation remained overwhelmingly agrarian
In the United States during the early nineteenth century, horse racing
was bound by lines of race and class.
first became a spectator sport.
never developed wide appeal in the United States.
was considered a form of gambling and was banned in most towns.
was considered a waste of valuable horses and frowned upon.
was bound by lines of race and class
The chief designer of the capital city of Washington was
Thomas Jefferson.
Robert Fulton.
Daniel Burnham.
Guy Dupont.
Pierre L’Enfant.
Pierre L’Enfant
In 1800, Washington, D.C.,
had grown in size equal to Philadelphia.
was little more than a simple village.
was widely recognized as a city built on a grand scale.
had yet to be occupied by the national government.
had 13,200 residents, according to the census.
was little more than a simple village
In the early nineteenth century, many members of Congress
had to live in tents when in Washington, D.C.
considered their state legislatures to be more prestigious political bodies.
stayed in Washington year-round.
had to live in tents in Washington, D.C., year-round, and considered their state legislatures to be more prestigious political bodies.
None of these answers is correct.
considered their state legislatures to be more prestigious political bodies
As president, Thomas Jefferson
sought to convey the public image of a plain, ordinary citizen.
believed in a passive presidency.
gave the White House its name.
tended to keep talented Federalists in office despite objections from Republicans.
only served one term.
sought to convey the public image of a plain, ordinary citizen
In his first term, President Thomas Jefferson
argued for mandatory military service to mold and improve citizens.
increased the size of the army.
increased the size of the navy.
aggressively used the military to assert American interests abroad.
helped establish a military academy at West Point.
helped establish a military academy at West Point
During his first term, President Thomas Jefferson
sought to create a tax on personal income.
restricted the sale of government lands to western settlers.
saw a doubling of the national debt.
eliminated all internal taxes.
drastically increased government spending.
eliminated all internal taxes
The Supreme Court’s ruling in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803)
stated that Congress had the authority to expand the power of the Supreme Court.
stated that the states had the power to nullify an act of Congress with the support of the Court.
ordered Secretary of State Madison to deliver Marbury his commission.
stated that Congress had no authority to expand the power of the Supreme Court, and that the Supreme Court had the power to nullify an act of Congress.
stated that the Supreme Court had the power to nullify an act of Congress, and ordered Secretary of State Madison to deliver Marbury his commission.
stated that Congress had no authority to expand the power of the Supreme Court, and that the Supreme Court had the power to nullify an act of Congress
John Marshall was
chief justice of the Supreme Court at the time of Marbury v. Madison.
appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court by Thomas Jefferson.
a Republican.
a former vice president of the United States.
secretary of state in the Jefferson administration, and Madison’s successor.
chief justice of the Supreme Court at the time of Marbury v. Madison
In 1802, what spurred President Jefferson to seek the building of a river fleet and to give the impression that the United States might ally with Great Britain?
a growing incidence of Indian attacks on western settlers
a Spanish attempt to readjust the northern border of its Florida colony
the arrival of a French invasion fleet near New York
a new French regulation restricting the use of the port of New Orleans by American ships
the capture of the island of Santo Domingo by a black revolutionary force
a new French regulation restricting the use of the port of New Orleans by American ships
Under the treaty terms for the Louisiana Purchase,
the United States agreed to make annual payments to France for twenty years.
the United States would gain exclusive access to the port of New Orleans.
residents living in Louisiana were to be made citizens of France.
the land boundaries were not clearly defined.
the United States had to remain neutral in the war between England and France.
the land boundaries were not clearly defined
Napoleon decided to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States in part because
the British had threatened to invade the territory.
he wanted full control of the port of New Orleans in exchange.
he needed the United States to contribute military forces on the continent in his war against Britain.
the French army on the American continent had been decimated by disease.
he believed the Louisiana Territory was a “great desert” unfit for habitation.
the French army on the American continent had been decimated by disease
When Thomas Jefferson received the treaty for the Louisiana Purchase, he
felt his government had been asked to pay too much for it.
was unsure of his constitutional authority to accept it.
assumed the French would not honor its terms.
insisted on numerous revisions before accepting it.
angrily fired Livingston and Monroe for insubordination.
was unsure of his constitutional authority to accept it
When President Jefferson spoke of “loose construction,” he was referring to
interpretation of the Constitution.
the USS Constitution and its hull form.
an early method of earthwork fortifications.
a medical theory compatible with the “humors” theory.
None of these answers is correct.
interpretation of the Constitution
The Lewis and Clark expedition
was first planned after the Louisiana Purchase was made.
was assisted by the guide Sacajawea.
was led by two men who had little experience with Indians.
saw both leaders die before the expedition was complete.
never made it to the Pacific Coast.
was assisted by the guide Sacajawea
The explorations of Zebulon Pike
included Pike’s successful climb to the top of the peak that now bears his name.
ended with his death at the hands of Choctaw Indians.
convinced President Jefferson to form reservations for Indians.
convinced many Americans that the land between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains was undesirable.
were hampered by Pike’s old age and infirm health.
convinced many Americans that the land between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains was undesirable
In 1804, the Federalists known as the Essex Junto
were led by Alexander Hamilton.
believed slavery could not be allowed to expand into the territories.
feared that the United States might be divided by secessionists.
attempted to interest Napoleon in reclaiming Louisiana.
feared the westward growth of the United States.
feared the westward growth of the United States
The duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton was the result of
a business failure between them.
a dispute over a woman.
Hamilton’s election as governor of New York.
Burr’s belief that Hamilton’s malevolence had cost him the New York governor’s race.
Burr’s attempt to capture Mexico from the Spanish.
Burr’s belief that Hamilton’s malevolence had cost him the New York governor’s race
During the Jefferson administration, the British claimed the right to stop American merchant ships and seize
vessels that had deserters on board from British ships.
naturalized Americans born on British soil.
any persons they chose.
all military cargo.
any slaves found on board.
vessels that had deserters on board from British ships
The Chesapeake-Leopard incident
led the United States to prohibit its ships from leaving for foreign ports.
saw the British sink an American merchant ship.
led the British government to end its practice of impressment.
began the War of 1812.
saw the Americans sink a British naval frigate.
led the United States to prohibit its ships from leaving for foreign ports
The Embargo of 1807
was ineffective.
helped to put a Federalist in the White House in 1808.
resulted in the Republican loss of control of Congress in 1808.
was quickly repealed.
created a serious economic depression in the nation.
created a serious economic depression in the nation
The Non-Intercourse Act reopened American trade with
Great Britain.
France.
both Great Britain and France.
all nations except Great Britain and France.
all nations.
all nations except Great Britain and France
In 1810, the Non-Intercourse Act expired and was replaced by
the Harrison Land Law.
“Peaceable Coercion.”
Macon’s Bill No. 2.
the Tallmadge Amendment.
Madison’s embargo.
Macon’s Bill No. 2
President Thomas Jefferson’s Indian policy included
an offer to Indians to have full citizenship in the United States and the right to vote.
an offer to Indians to reorganize their territory as a separate state in the Union.
the insistence that Indians reduce the size of their exclusive tribal lands in the Northwest, as well as allow some limited hunting by white settlers on those lands.
an offer to Indians to become settled farmers and join white society, and to reorganize their territory as a separate state in the Union.
an offer to Indians to become settled farmers and join white society, and an insistence that they give up claims to tribal lands in the Northwest.
an offer to Indians to become settled farmers and join white society, and an insistence that they give up claims to tribal lands in the Northwest
During William Henry Harrison’s governorship of the Indiana Territory,
violence between the United States and Indian tribes declined.
he refused to sign new treaties with Indian tribes.
all Indian tribes were driven west of the Mississippi River.
he used threats and bribery as a means to acquire Indian lands.
he thwarted plans by Indian tribes to elect a separate Indian governor of the territory.
he used threats and bribery as a means to acquire Indian lands
Tecumseh
believed the only effective means to resist white settlers was Indian tribal unity.
encouraged Indian assimilation into the United States to save their lives.
had a brother known as “the Shooting Star.”
fought against William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe.
experienced a mystical awakening in the process of recovering from alcoholism.
believed the only effective means to resist white settlers was Indian tribal unity
The desire by American southerners to acquire Florida
led to war between the United States and Spain in 1812.
was partly motivated by the number of runaway slaves who escaped there.
was intended to reduce the presence of the British in America.
was unfulfilled until the 1830s.
was fervently attacked by leaders such as Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.
was partly motivated by the number of runaway slaves who escaped there
In 1812, Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun could best be described as
Jeffersonians.
pacifists.
secessionists.
Federalists.
war hawks.
war hawks
In the War of 1812, Britain turned its full military attention to America after
Napoleon’s defeat at Waterloo.
Napoleon’s incarceration at Elba.
Napoleon’s catastrophic campaign against Russia.
the American invasion of Canada.
the American raid and burning of York.
Napoleon’s catastrophic campaign against Russia
Which statement about the War of 1812 is true?
England remained preoccupied with Napoleon’s attacks throughout the war.
The United States entered the war with enthusiasm and optimism.
The initial American focus of the war was on controlling the Mississippi River.
The military struggle on the Great Lakes was a disaster for the United States.
The outmatched Americans saw no military successes at all during the war
The United States entered the war with enthusiasm and optimism
During the War of 1812, the United States achieved early military success
on the Atlantic Ocean.
in New England.
in the Carolinas.
on the Great Lakes.
in the Caribbean.
on the Great Lakes
During the War of 1812, the Battle of the Thames
saw Tecumseh killed while a brigadier general in the British army.
led to the long American occupation of Canada.
strengthened the resolve of the Indians in the Northwest.
saw British forces come from Canada to attack Detroit.
saw a surprise American attack in the heart of London.
saw Tecumseh killed while a brigadier general in the British army
At the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, in 1814, Andrew Jackson
was seriously wounded.
viciously broke the resistance of the Creek.
captured the city of New Orleans.
defeated the Spanish at Pensacola.
turned back the British invasion from the Southwest.
viciously broke the resistance of the Creek
In 1814, the British
took control of the Ohio Valley.
repulsed the United States from Florida.
seized Washington and set fire to the presidential mansion.
established naval supremacy on the Atlantic Ocean.
forced the surrender of Fort McHenry in Baltimore.
seized Washington and set fire to the presidential mansion
Following the British bombardment of Fort McHenry, Francis Scott Key wrote
“Yankee Doodle.”
“The Battle Hymn of the Republic.”
“The Pledge of Allegiance.”
“Stars and Stripes Forever.”
“The Star-Spangled Banner.”
“The Star-Spangled Banner.”
In the War of 1812, the Battle of New Orleans
took place weeks after the war had officially ended.
saw inexperienced British troops face battle-hardened American forces.
resulted in hundreds of American deaths.
saw the British lay siege to the city for nearly a month.
gave the British control of the Mississippi River.
took place weeks after the war had officially ended
During the War of 1812, the Hartford Convention
was a gathering of strong supporters of the war.
saw its participants vote to secede from the United States.
struck a virtual death blow to the Federalist Party.
sought to strengthen the political influence of the South and West.
aimed to create a new political party, called the Whigs.
struck a virtual death blow to the Federalist Party
The Treaty of Ghent that ended the War of 1812
was signed on New Year’s Day, 1815.
was reluctantly negotiated by the British.
included the condition that the United States create an Indian buffer state in the Northwest.
put huge areas of the new lands under the control of the United States.
began an improvement in relations between England and the United States.
began an improvement in relations between England and the United States
The Rush-Bagot agreement of 1817 called for
the joint occupation of Oregon by France and the United States.
the mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes by Britain and the United States.
France to pull out of the fur trade in the Great Lakes region.
a general trade agreement between the United States and France.
Spain to give up its claim to Florida, in exchange for navigation rights on the Mississippi.
the mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes by Britain and the United States
The experience of American banking during the War of 1812 revealed the need for
another national bank.
more state banks.
a reduction in gold and silver reserves.
an increase in the number of bank notes in circulation.
currency backed by both gold and silver.
another national bank
Which of the following statements about American currency and banking in this era is FALSE?
Counterfeiting was a serious problem.
The national bank forbade state banks from issuing their own notes.
Congress re-chartered the Bank of the United States in 1816.
Vast quantities of varying bank notes created confusion over currency.
The second Bank of the United States had more capital than its predecessor.
The national bank forbade state banks from issuing their own notes
As a result of the War of 1812,
politicians spent less time on questions of national economic development.
American banking was stabilized.
America’s internal transportation system proved its worthiness.
American shippers experienced a financial boom.
the growth of American manufacturing was stimulated.
the growth of American manufacturing was stimulated
Francis Cabot Lowell’s contribution to American textile mills included
the invention of the cotton spindle.
improving the power loom.
dramatically expanding the textile industry in the South.
improving the cotton gin.
organizing his workers by task into a primitive assembly line.
improving the power loom
The first American mill to carry on the processes of spinning and weaving under a single roof was located in
Boston, Massachusetts.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Newport, Rhode Island.
Springfield, Massachusetts.
Waltham, Massachusetts.
Waltham, Massachusetts
After the War of 1812, it was clear that the United States needed an improved
trade policy with Europe.
system of tariffs.
system for selling public lands.
internal transportation system.
system of currency.
internal transporation system
By 1818, the United States’ internal road system
had been paid for without any federal funds.
consisted only of a small number of private turnpikes.
included a national road that reached as far as the Ohio River.
formed a network that connected most large towns and cities.
had for the most part been replaced by railroads.
included a national road that reached as far as the Ohio River
The Lancaster Pike was a road partially financed by the state of
Massachusetts.
New York.
Virginia.
Pennsylvania.
Maryland.
Pennsylvania
By 1820, American steam-powered shipping
carried more cargo on the Mississippi than all other forms of river transport combined.
increased the transport of manufactured goods westward.
stimulated agriculture in both the West and the South.
had reached as far up the Ohio River as Pittsburgh.
All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct
