Quantitative- Surveys and Questionnaires Flashcards
a combination of questions and processes that analyze data from participants
survey
It is a composition of questions given to participants of a research project
questionnaire
Collect facts and numerical data. At the same time, it is generally used to prove or disprove a hypothesis.
quantitative surveys
A survey that lets respondents read and select a response on their own. It can be done anonymously and at their own pace
self-report or self-administered survey
This type of survey obtains a more complete answer and strengthens the trust between the facilitator and respondents.
face-to-face or one-on-one
This type of survey is beneficial in searching for a specific
demographic (e.g. offl ine audiences, people with no internet access, etc. )
Telephone surveys
More convenient and cost-effective; this type of
survey helps researchers efficiently gather responses and manage them in a
database.
Online surveys
True or False: If a researcher has multiple objectives for a survey, or if a survey is intended to capture data on
several variables, the survey is likely to require multiple items for each objective or variable.
True
True or False: A researcher may proceed right away if he/she wishes to create his/her own questionnaire.
False. Begin by conducting a
literature review of the appropriate research literature, in order to learn what can
be included.
Helps the respondents
contextualize their responses, and understand what the researcher is looking
for.
stimulus statement/ stimulus question.
This applies whether the researcher uses an existing measure or creates one
of your own.
A type of question where respondents are asked a question or given a statement, and then given a
set of responses to select from.
closed questions
These are often used in order to obtain demographic information about respondents (for example: age, sex, marital status, employment status, socioeconomic status, education, income, occupation, religious preference or
affiliation, race and ethnic background) .
Nominal/Categorical responses. Responses in a nominal or
categorical set do not have a numerical equivalent.
Special considerations for nominal response sets.
- Exhaustive - all possible choices are represented
- Mutually exclusive - the respondent will view only one of the choices in the set as the correct or best answer
- Equivalent - the response choices are equal to one another
A multi-item scale which asks research participants to
respond to survey items with these (or similar) choices: strongly agree, agree,
neutral, disagree, strongly disagree.
Likert-type scale
Typically a seven-point rating scale whereas each question or item
is anchored by opposite words or bipolar adjectives. There could also be five and
six-point scales as a variety to show the degree to which the respondent
agrees with one or the other.
Semantic Differental Scale (SDS)
SDS: A scale that determines whether someone has a positive or negative opinion about a certain
topic. (Commonly used adjectives: Bad – Good, Cruel – Kind, Ugly – Beautiful , Sad – Happy,
Negative – Positive, Unpleasant – Pleasant, Worthless – Valuable)
Evaluation
SDS: A scale that determines how strong or weak a person’s attitude towards something is or how
powerful the topic is for them. (Commonly used adjectives: Weak – Strong, Smal l – Large, Soft –
Hard, Light – Heavy, Shal low – Deep, Submissive – Assertive, Simple – Complex)
Potency
SDS: A scale measuring whether the topic is regarded as active or passive. (Commonly used
adjectives: Passive – Active, Relaxed – Tense, Slow – Fast, Cold – Hot, Quiet – Noisy, Dim – Bright,
Rounded – Angular)
Activeness
A type of question where the respondents are
given the freedom to answer using their own words and perspective, different
from the researchers.
Open Questions
True or False: A good open question is something that is communicated the same way as
to al l the respondents.
True
Researchers use a specific ______ that restricts the answers respondents
gave. This is effective in referencing events and experiences that had happened,
where, and who was involved
recall cue
Open Questions: an open-ended question that gives a little more
direction. It follows a reflection of the respondent’s statement (“Tell me more”, “Describe […]”, “What happened next?”)
Narrative Invitation
Open Questions: An open-ended question that cues the
respondent to a specific topic (person, location, activity, object, time frame etc. )
previously discussed. This will tap their recall memory while providing structure
to the conversation. This will also encourage the respondent to talk more about
a topic in your own words.
Focused Narrative Request
True or False: Instructions should be simple and explicit.
True. “answer each question by circling your response or “ in this next section, respond to each question by
selecting the degree to which you agree or disagree with the statement. ”
It is done to gauge the accuracy and
appropriateness of the instrument or scale that they wish to adopt or create.
Pretesting
It is done to gauge the accuracy and
appropriateness of the instrument or scale that they wish to adopt or create.
Pretesting
True or False: We collect data during pretesting.
False, no survey data must be collected.
It allows the researchers to know if the questions/ items in their survey are easily understood by the respondents. using this test could be of great help to eliminate the
possibilities of multiple interpretations of items by the respondents.
Cognitive
Allows the
researchers to pre-administer the data col lection process. They will conduct the survey
the same way as the actual procedure.
Conventional
This type of pretesting can only be done if the researchers opt to use face-to-face
interviews. Aside from the interviewer and the respondent, a third person will act as a
monitor to observe the interaction between them.
Behavior Coding
Using this test, researchers will be able to discuss
concerns about potential problems about their survey/questionnaires with experts in
research methodology and/or the survey’s content.
Expert Panels
the number of people who respond to the survey/questionnaire
response rate
Calculating the response rate:
What is B?
A / B = response rate (%)
Where A = number of people who responded
B=?
sample size
No data can be collected from the returned forms due to participants’ failure to
answer the survey entirely.
nonresponse
consistency =
reliability
What is achieved when each set of items was consistent in measuring
the subconstruct?
Internal reliability
consistency : reliability :: accuracy : ___________
validity. It can be satisfied
when the survey/questionnaire garnered data in line with the purpose intended
by the researchers.
refers to the appropriateness of the language
used in the survey
Face Validity
Can be established if the survey
helps to identify people who do not have certain characteristics.
Construct Validity
A longitudinal data col lection method
where a sample of people is measured repeatedly over time.
Panel survey design.
If the same individuals from time 1 participate again for another wave of measurement, it is
fixed, while it is called rotating when additional persons participate over time.
