Qualitative Research Design Flashcards
Entails gathering and evaluating non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio). It can be utilized to get an in-depth understanding of a subject or to develop fresh research ideas.
Qualitative Research
Studies examine human experiences through the descriptions provided by the people involved. These experiences are called lived experiences. The goal is to describe the meaning that experiences hold for each subject. This type of research is used to study areas in which there is little
knowledge.
Phenomenology
To be able to relate to the respondents, the researcher must consider their feelings and
beliefs and what they are expecting, then put these ideas aside and put themselves in
the respondents’ shoes to see and experience the event from a first-person view.
bracketing
a study through direct observation of users in their natural environment rather than in a lab. The objective of this type of research is to gain insights into how users interact with things in their natural environment. Researchers spend a lot of time researching individuals and their daily lives as well as their cultural activities. It requires a long-term commitment as well as various data collection methods.
Ethnography
Creating theories from the data collected
Grounded theory (GT)
Also: the discovery of emerging patterns in data.
These sociologists published The Discovery of Grounded Theory to legitimize qualitative research.
Barney Glaser and Anselm
Strauss
Researchers can create theories as they unravel and code the data they have gathered as they collect them. As we gather the data, we write down memos.
memoing
GT: What are the four (4) methods used in GT?
- Data collection
- Open coding
- Axial coding
- Selective coding
The process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.
data collection
Means categorizing segments of data with a short name that simultaneously summarizes and accounts for each piece of data.
coding
________ is when you take your textual data and break it up into discrete parts. As you break these data into parts and label them with codes, you can continuously compare the information you have.
Open coding
__________ is when you draw connections between your codes. You can put together
different codes, or you can also make new codes as you check their relations and links to
put them under a category to organize them.
Axial coding
_________ is when you select one central
category that connects all the codes from your analysis and captures the essence of your research. Therefore, you will end up with a big picture that is easier to understand and deduce.
selective/theoretical coding
_________ is when you select one central
category that connects all the codes from your analysis and captures the essence of your research. Therefore, you will end up with a big picture that is easier to understand and deduce.
selective/theoretical coding
Achieved when you have gathered enough data and analyzed them to show the theories you have come up with.
theoretical saturation
The study of the discipline of history. It does not only cover historical events but how interpretations of the events changed over a period.
Historical Research (HR)
-also known as Historiography
HR: Provide firsthand testimony or direct evidence concerning a topic or question under investigation.
Primary sources
HR: The works that analyze, assess, or interpret a historical event, era, or phenomenon, generally utilizing primary sources to do so. These sources often offer a review or a critique and are usually written well after the events that are being researched.
secondary sources
Categories of sources:
- Documents
- Relics
- Oral Reports
- Numerical Records
Content analysis: concerned with the authenticity or genuineness of the data and should be considered first.
external criticism
Content analysis: examines the accuracy of the data and is considered after the data are genuine.
internal criticism
Content analysis: examines the accuracy of the data and is considered after the data are genuine.
internal criticism
external criticism : validity :: internal criticism : _________
reliability
In-depth examinations of people, particular situations, or events. It is a type of research that is designed to explore and understand complex issues and involves seeking the reasons why such cases or phenomena occur to the subject under study.
case study
In cases where there are no other cases available for replication, the researcher can
adopt the _____________.
single-case study
A __________ uses information from different studies to formulate a new study. It explores real-life multiple bounded systems through detailed, in-depth data collection involving multiple sources of information.
multiple case study
___________ are those that investigate a
unit as a single global phenomenon.
Holistic case studies
_____________ approaches treat a single unit as a sum of its parts.
Embedded case study
The actual object or entity (individual or group) being studied.
unit of analysis
What are the seven (7) types of case study?
- exploratory
- explanatory
- descriptive
- comparative
- intrinsic
- instrumental
- collective
When we have to investigate presumed causal relationships in real-life situations or when the focus is on cause-effect relationships. Aim to answer ‘how’ or ’why’ questions with little control on behalf of the researcher over the
occurrence of events.
explanatory
It is used to explore situations where the researcher has no clear understanding of the
phenomenon. is used when there is no predetermined outcome. In this study, we answer the questions ‘how’ and ‘what’. It is usually the precursor to a formal, large-scale research project. The case study’s goal is to prove that further investigation is necessary.
exploratory
May be in narrative form and include a concise but thorough account of the facts of the situation and expert commentary to understand the causes of the problem,
the forces behind the solution, the outcomes of implementation, and connections to theories, concepts, policies, and tools relevant to the situation.
descriptive
Involve the analysis and synthesis of the similarities, differences, and patterns across two or more cases that share a common focus or goal. Particularly useful for understanding how context influences the success of an intervention and how to better modify the intervention to the specific context to achieve intended outcomes.
comparative
The case or subject itself is of interest. The case is selected because of its uniqueness, to learn about a unique phenomenon, which distinguishes it from all others.
intrinsic
The case is of secondary interest, plays a supportive role, and facilitates our
understanding of something else. The case still is looked at in-depth, its contexts scrutinized, its ordinary activities detailed, but all because this helps the researcher to pursue the external
interest.
instrumental
A researcher may jointly study many cases to investigate a phenomenon, population, or
general condition.
collective
A researcher may jointly study many cases to investigate a phenomenon, population, or
general condition.
collective
First used in 1946 by Kurt Lewin, ___________ is now identified with research in which the researchers work explicitly with and for people rather than research them.
Action Research
Also: a type of research study that is initiated to solve an immediate problem.
It demands participants perceive the need for change and adapt the willingness to play an active part in the research and the change process.
participation
A special kind of community-based action
research in which there is a collaboration between the study participants and the
researcher in all steps of the study: determining the problem, the research methods to use, the analysis of data, and how the study results will be used.
Participatory Action Research
Helps the researcher to dig deeper into
issues, with open-ended questions allowing “one to grasp and capture the points of view
of other individuals without predetermining those points of view by the prior selection of
questionnaire categories.”
qualitative technique
A type of qualitative study in which the raw data is the stories themselves. This method has been employed in a variety of fields to learn more about the narrator’s culture, historical experiences, identity, and lifestyle.
Narrative Inquiry
A type of qualitative study in which the raw data is the stories themselves. This method has been employed in a variety of fields to learn more about the narrator’s culture, historical experiences, identity, and lifestyle.
Narrative Inquiry
