quantitative research Flashcards
what is statistics?
a science that involves the use of numbers to map social behaviour and beliefs
what is operational definitions?
transform abstract or theoretical concepts like “poverty”, “middle class”, “single parent” into concrete measurable entities
what is a variable?
concept with measurable traits or characteristics that can vary or change from one person, group, culture or time to another
what is absolute poverty?
anything below minimum income level needed to secure basic necessities (mbm)
what is relative poverty?
relative to median or mean household incomes (lico)
what is a poll?
quantitative survey designed to measure respondents’ views on a particular topic or set
what is closed ended questionnaires?
capture respondents’ answers to a set of questions with set answer options
what is open ended questionnaires?
capture respondents’ answers to each question without being yes or no
questionnaires are administered to a _________, selected from a larger population
sample
what is a sample?
a subset of a population
what is a probability sample?
a sample which is deliberately selected by the researcher using a random process in which each unit has an equal chance of being selected from the population
probablity sampling enables researchers to _______ the results from a sample to the population of interest
generalize
generalizing results can only be done is the sample is truly _________ of the population of interest
representative
a _______ response sample consists of people who choose themselves by responding to a general appeal (ex.online survey)
voluntary
a voluntary response sample is known as what kind of sample?
non probability or convenience sample
what is an independent variable?
has an effect on another variable (the cause)
what is a dependent variable?
is affected by the independent variable (the effect)
what is correlation?
exists when two variables are associated more frequently than could be expected by chance
what is direct correlation?
positive, occurs when the independent and dependent variables decrease or increase eachother
what is inverse correlation?
negative, occurs when the two variables change in opposing directions
