Quantitative Research Flashcards

1
Q

Quantitative Variable

A

Such as height that is typically measured by assigning a number to each other

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2
Q

Categorical variable

A

Quality such as chosen major and is typically measured by assigning a category label to each individual

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3
Q

Operational Definition

A

The definition of the variable in terms of precisely how it is to be measured

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4
Q

example of operational definition

A

Depression can be operationally defined as peoples scores on a paper - and pencil depression scale

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5
Q

Populations

A

Very large group of people
Ex: All americal teenagers

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6
Q

Sample

A

Small subset of the population

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7
Q

Simple Random Sampling

A

Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample

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8
Q

Convenience Sampling

A

Sample consists of individuals who happen to be nearby and willing to participate

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9
Q

Experimental Resarch

A

Researchers who want to test hypothesis about causal relationships between variables
Determine causal relationships

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10
Q

Independent Variable

A

Variables that can be manipulated

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11
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Variable that’s being measured

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12
Q

Extraneous Variables

A

Any variable other than the dependent variable

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13
Q

Non experimental research

A

Naturalistic Observations

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14
Q

Lab studies

A

conducted in lab lol

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15
Q

Field studies

A

stay that is conducted in the real world, in a natural environment

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16
Q

Internal Validity

A

Refers to the degree to which we can confidently infer a causal relationship between validity

17
Q

More extraneous variables decrease _________

A

Internal validity

18
Q

External validity

A

Refers to the degree to which we can generalize things to other circumstances in the real world environment

19
Q

High external validity means ________

A

Low internal validity

20
Q

Field experiments

A

Where an independent variable is manipulated in natural setting and extraneous variables are controlled

21
Q

Descriptive statistics

A

Used to organize or summarize a set of data

22
Q

Mode

A

Most frequently occurring

23
Q

Median

24
Q

mean

A

Average of the distribution

25
Range
Highest - lowest
26
Standard deviation
sophisticated measure of dispersion that measure average distance of scored from the mean
27
Variance
Standard deviation squared Also measures the distance of scored from the mean bit in a different unit of square
28
Correlational coefficient
-1 to 1
29
-1.00
Strongest negative correlation
30
0
no relationship
31
1.00
Strongest positive correlation
32
A good example of positive correlation
height increases and weight also tends to increase
33
Inferential statistics
Allows researchers to draw conclusions about a population based on data of a sample
34
Statistically significant
A effect that is one that is unlikely due to random chance therefore likely represents a real effect in the population
35
Type 1 error
False positive
36
Type 2 error
missed opportunity. Results are not statistically significant
37