Indigenous Ethics Flashcards
Two major crimes of Science in Auschwitz
Physicians participated in euthanasia and genocide
Physians performed terrible experiments on concentration camp prisoners in the name of science
Nuremberg Military Tribunal: Ethics Code (1949)
10 principles
Human subjects voluntary, well informed understanding consent is needed
Subjects must feel free to quit an experiment anytime if they feel physically or mentally unable to go on
Experiments must avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injuries
Experimenrs risks should not exceed expected humanitarian benifits
Experiments shouls not be conducted if risk of death or disabling injury
Jacob Bronowski
Defense of science
2 parts of human dilemma
One is the beleif that the end justify the means
The other is the betrayal of the human spirit, the assertion of dogma that closes the mind and turns a nation, a civilization into a regiment of ghosts, obedient gohosts or tortuer ghosts
Ethics
Branch of philosophy concerned with right or wrong
Morals
Observed ways in which individuals or groups behave
Theories of Ethics
Consequentialism
Deontology
Nuremberg Code (1949)
nazi experiments during WWII
Niremberg trials
Respect for research subjects
Declaration of helsiki (1964)
Univeral approach: Human Research
Modified several times
Requirements for ethical research
Design and methodology should provide means of answering the research question
Researchers should be aware of the range of ethical issues that may rise
Researchers be educated on ethics
Clinical trials
4 phases
Phase 1
provide early safety info
Phase 2
tested on large number of intended individuals
Phase 3
Random assignmant to control or experimental groups to prove benefit
Phase 4
Post marketing information
