Measurement

Question 1

Measurement

Answer 1

Assignment of scores to individuals so that the scores represent some characteristic of the individuals

Question 2

Psychometrics

Answer 2

General definition of measurement in psychology

Question 3

Conceptual definition

Answer 3

Psychological construct describes the behaviours and internal processes that up that construct, along with how it relates to other variables

Question 4

Operational Definition

Answer 4

Definition of a variable in terms of precisely how is is to be measured

Question 5

Self report measures

Answer 5

Are those in which participants report their own thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 6

Behavioural measures

Answer 6

Are those in which some other aspect of participants behaviour is observed and recorded

Question 7

Physiological measures

Answer 7

Measuring of physiological processes like heart rate, respiratory rate

Question 8

Converging Operations

Answer 8

Multiple operational definitions coming together

Question 9

Levels of measurement

Answer 9

There are 4 of them
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

Question 10

Nominal Level

Answer 10

Measurement is used for categorical variables and involves assigning scores that are category labels

Question 11

The measurement process

Answer 11

Constructs, definitions, measures

Question 12

Levels of variables

Answer 12

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

Question 13

What is German mathematician carl Friedrich gauss say

Answer 13

1. Knowledge and Chance
2. Chance “the enemy of all knowledge, overcome”

Question 14

Louis Agassiz

Answer 14

zoologist: Classify humans by moral + physical traits

Question 15

Measurement

Answer 15

Giving numerical value to some phenomenon

Question 16

“Constructs”

Answer 16

Measure tendencies over time that are not directly observable. can be complex, can consist of personality
Qualitative meaurements

Question 17

Example of constructs

Answer 17

Extraversion = outgoing, enjoy social interactions

Question 18

Conceptual Definition

Answer 18

may describe behaviours and internal processes making up that construct
More variable

Question 19

Operational Definitions

Answer 19

Defining how to precisely measure a construct
More specific

Question 20

Example of operational definitions

Answer 20

Self report measures: report on own thoughts, feelings, actions

Question 21

Behavioural measures

Answer 21

Alternative approach to avoid the subjective nature of questionnaires: measure participants responses that are produced automatically

Question 22

Physiological measures

Answer 22

Recording measures such as heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol levels

Question 23

2 conditions of categorical variables

Answer 23

1. Categories are mutually exclusive
2. Categories must be collectively exhaustive

Question 24

Discrete variable

Answer 24

the answer is constrained to be a whole number, can’t take on any value between the whole number

Question 25

Continuous variable

Answer 25

Can assume any reasonable value

Question 26

Nominal measurement

Answer 26

Yes/No answers

Question 27

Ordinal measurement

Answer 27

you know the order but not the distances/intervals between the categories. You cannot add or subtract

Question 28

Example of Ordinal measurement

Answer 28

Linkert scale

Question 29

interval measurement

Answer 29

Distances/intervals are the same between the values. But no true 0

Question 30

Ratio measurements

Answer 30

Most precise, ranging from an absolute 0 to infinity

Question 31

Phase 1 of Scale Development

Answer 31

Item Development 1. Identification of Domain and item generation 2. Content validity

Question 32

Phase 2 of Scale Development

Answer 32

Pre testing of questions Sampling and survey administration Item reduction Understanding how many factors the scale captures `

Question 33

Phase 3 is scale evaluation

Answer 33

Tests of the number of dimensions Tests of reliability is tested Tests of validity

Question 34

Reliability

Answer 34

A scale's ability to produce consistent results over time under consistent conditions

Question 35

Reliability coefficient

Answer 35

0 to 1

Question 36

Reliability coefficient is effected by

Answer 36

Random error

Question 37

How can reliability can be determined

Answer 37

Over time Across different researchers Parallel forms of reliability Internal consistency

Question 38

Content validity

Answer 38

Does a scale measure what it is supposed to measure

Question 39

Face validity

Answer 39

Extent to which a scale measures a construct on its face

Question 40

Criterion validity

Answer 40

Extent to which scored on a measure are correlated with other variables

Question 41

Discrimant validity

Answer 41

Extent to which variables that are not related to each other should show different scores

Question 42

Feasibility

Answer 42

An assessment of the practicality of a proposed project/plan/scale