Quantitative - data collection issues: outcomes, measurement, reliability, validity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main outcome for a study called?

A

primary outcome

can also have secondary outcomes

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2
Q

What do outcomes have to be?

A
  • meaningful: outcomes have to be credible, meaningful and related to the issue of interest
  • measurable
  • responsive- change that occurs is demonstrated in the outcome measure
  • measurements should be valid and reliable
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3
Q

What is reliability?

A

addresses whether repeated measurements provide a consistent result given the same initial circumstances

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4
Q

What is validity?

A

does your measurement, process or assessment actually measure what you intend it to measure?

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5
Q

What is internal validity?

A

study results legitimate because of the way the study was conducted: did the IV really change the DV?

without internal validity you cant have external validity

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6
Q

What are threats to internal validity?

A
  • history: events happening outside study
  • maturation: changes that happen over time
  • testing: change due to experience of the test
  • instrumentation: changes in measurement rather than change in status
  • mortality: differences in study drop out
  • selection bias: PPs different to non-PPs
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7
Q

What is external validity?

A

or generalisability

-concerns whether results are transferable to other groups

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8
Q

What are threats to external validity?

A
  • selection effects: generalisability to other populations, when ideal sample population cant be obtained
  • reactive effects: response to just being in a study (hawthorne effect)
  • measurement effects: measurement and testing affects the generalisability
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