QUANTITATIVE and QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS

Question 1

What are the three (3) methodologies in research?

Answer 1

Quantitative research
Qualitative research
Mixed methods

Question 2

an approach for testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables. These variables, in turn, can be measured, typically on instruments, so that numbered data can be analyzed using statistical procedures.

a. Quantitative research
b. Qualitative research
c. Mixed methods

Answer 2

Quantitative research

Question 3

no random assignment involved

a. True experiment
b. Quasi-experiment
c. Single-subject experiment or Within-subject design

Answer 3

Quasi-experiment

Question 4

an experimental treatment is administered over time to a single individual or a small number of individuals

a. True experiment
b. Quasi-experiment
c. Single-subject experiment or Within-subject design

Answer 4

Single-subject experiment or Within-subject design

Question 5

comparison between two or more groups in terms of a cause (or independent variable) that has already happened

a. Causal-comparative research
b. Correlational design
c. Factorial design
d. Survey research
e. Experimental research

Answer 5

Causal-comparative research

Question 6

relationship between two or more variables or sets of scores

a. Causal-comparative research
b. Correlational design
c. Factorial design
d. Survey research
e. Experimental research

Answer 6

Correlational design

Question 7

many variables and treatments

a. Causal-comparative research
b. Correlational design
c. Factorial design
d. Survey research
e. Experimental research

Answer 7

Factorial design

Question 8

provides a quantitative or numeric description of trends, attitudes, or opinions of a population by studying a sample of that population.

From sample results, the researcher generalizes or draws inferences to the population.

a. Causal-comparative research
b. Correlational design
c. Factorial design
d. Survey research
e. Experimental research

Answer 8

Survey research

Question 9

seeks to determine if a specific treatment influences an outcome.

The researcher assesses this by providing a specific treatment to one group and withholding it from another and then determining how both groups scored on an outcome.

a. Causal-comparative research
b. Correlational design
c. Factorial design
d. Survey research
e. Experimental research

Answer 9

Experimental research

Question 10

Random

a. True experiments
b. Quasi-experiments

Answer 10

True experiments

Question 11

nonrandomize

a. True experiments
b. Quasi-experiments

Answer 11

Quasi-experiment

Question 12

is an approach for exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem.

a. Quantitative research
b. Qualitative research
c. Mixed methods

Answer 12

Qualitative research

Question 13

the researcher studies the lives of individuals and asks one more individuals to provide stories about their lives.

a. Narrative research
b. Phenomenological research
c. Grounded theory
d. Ethnography
e. Case studies

Answer 13

Narrative research

Question 14

the researcher describes the lived experiences of individuals about a phenomenon as described by participants.

typically involves conducting interviews

a. Narrative research
b. Phenomenological research
c. Grounded theory
d. Ethnography
e. Case studies

Answer 14

Phenomenological research

Question 15

A design of inquiry from sociology in which the researcher derives a general, abstract theory of a process, action, or interaction grounded in the views of participants.

This process involves using multiple stages of data collection and the refinement and interrelationship of categories of information.

a. Narrative research
b. Phenomenological research
c. Grounded theory
d. Ethnography
e. Case studies

Answer 15

Grounded theory

Question 16

A design of inquiry coming from anthropology and sociology in which the researcher studies the shared patterns of behaviors, language, and actions of an intact cultural group in a natural setting over a prolonged period of time.

Data collection often involves observations and interviews.

a. Narrative research
b. Phenomenological research
c. Grounded theory
d. Ethnography
e. Case studies

Answer 16

Ethnography

Question 17

the researcher develops an in-depth analysis of a case, often a program, event, activity, process, or one or more individuals.

Cases are bounded by time and activity, and researchers collect detailed information using a variety of data collection procedures over a sustained period of time.

a. Narrative research
b. Phenomenological research
c. Grounded theory
d. Ethnography
e. Case studies

Answer 17

Case studies

Question 18

The data must not be coded, summarized, categorized, or otherwise ‘reduced’ at the point of collection

Verbatim at the point of collection

a. Naturalistic data
b. Validity
c. Reliability
d. Representativeness
e. Reflexivity

Answer 18

Naturalistic data

Question 19

the extent to which our research describes, measures or explains what it aims to describe, measure or explain

how can we be sure that we are researching what we think we are researching?

a. Naturalistic data
b. Validity
c. Reliability
d. Representativeness
e. Reflexivity

Answer 19

Validity

Question 20

a measurement is reliable if it yields the same answer on different occasions

qualitative research is less concerned with reliability because it explores a particular, possibly unique, phenomenon or experience in great detail

a. Naturalistic data
b. Validity
c. Reliability
d. Representativeness
e. Reflexivity

Answer 20

Reliability

Question 21

normally small number of participants;

5-6 respondents for a qualitative research

If a given experience is possible, it is also subject to universalisation

a. Naturalistic data
b. Validity
c. Reliability
d. Representativeness
e. Reflexivity

Answer 21

Representativeness

Question 22

acknowledging personal ‘biases’

invites us to think about how our own reactions to the research context and the data actually make possible certain insights and understandings

a. Naturalistic data
b. Validity
c. Reliability
d. Representativeness
e. Reflexivity

Answer 22

Reflexivity

Question 23

____ in qualitative research has much in common with how psychoanalytic psychotherapists use ‘countertransference’ – the therapist’s emotional response to the client’s behaviour – in order to gain a better understanding of the client

a. Naturalistic data
b. Validity
c. Reliability
d. Representativeness
e. Reflexivity

Answer 23

Reflexivity

Question 24

Ethics

Answer 24

Informed consent

No deception

Right to withdraw

Debriefing

Confidentiality