QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS

Question 1

is the selection and production of linguistic (or visual) material for analyzing and understanding phenomena, social fields, subjective and collective experiences and the related meaning-making processes

a. Quantitative data collection
b. Qualitative data collection
c. Mixed data collection

Answer 1

Qualitative data collection

Question 2

can refer to subjective or social meanings.

Answer 2

Meaning-making

Question 3

can refer to naturally occurring or elicited data. It can be
based on talking, listening, observing, analyzing materials as sounds, images or digital phenomena.

Answer 3

Collection

Question 4

Basic Methodological Approaches

Answer 4

Talking to people in interviews

Walking to people in ethnographies– observing people

Tracing people’s lives by analyzing documents

Question 5

interviews, focus groups, and narrative data

a. Verbal data
b. Ethnographic approaches
c. Material data

Answer 5

Verbal data

Question 6

observation, ethnography, and focused ethnography based on videography

a. Verbal data
b. Ethnographic approaches
c. Material data

Answer 6

Ethnographic approaches

Question 7

documents, images, media (television and film)

a. Verbal data
b. Ethnographic approaches
c. Material data

Answer 7

Material data

Question 8

predetermined questions

same questions, same order

a. Structured interview
b. Semi-structured interview
c. Unstructured interview

Answer 8

Structured interview

Question 9

predetermined questions

follow-up questions

a. Structured interview
b. Semi-structured interview
c. Unstructured interview

Answer 9

Semi-structured interviews

Question 10

Questions arise spontaneously

a. Structured interview
b. Semi-structured interview
c. Unstructured interview

Answer 10

Unstructured interviews

Question 11

defining feature is the use of group interaction to produce qualitative data.

Sharing and comparing create dynamics that are not available in individual interviews.

a. In-depth interview
b. Focus group interview

Answer 11

Focus group interview

Question 12

Tasks in qualitative interviews:

Answer 12

introduce the group members to one another

to introduce the focus of the group (e.g. a question or a stimulus)

gently ‘steer’ the discussion

sets certain limits to the discussion

Question 13

The strength of the focus group as a method of data collection lies in its ability to mobilize participants to respond to and comment on one another’s contributions.

Such data allow the researcher to address questions about the ways in which attitudes may be formed and changed, and about how participants jointly construct meanings.

True or False?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

When the goal is to understand issues related to consensus and diversity across participants, focus groups are recommended.

True or False?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Individual interviews are preferred when the goal is to get in-depth information about each participant.

True or False?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

are intended to identify the beliefs and opinions of a selected group of people on a specific topic

a. Focus group discussion
b. In-depth interviews
c. Participant observation

Answer 16

Focus group discussion

Question 17

One-on-one discussions designed to provide a detailed picture of an individual participant’s views about the area of interest

a. Focus group discussion
b. In-depth interviews
c. Participant observation

Answer 17

In-depth interviews

Question 18

tends to take place in natural settings (e.g. a school or hospital; a bar or a club), where the observer can be either incognito (covert) or known as a researcher (overt).

a. Focus group discussion
b. In-depth interviews
c. Participant observation

Answer 18

Participant observation

Question 19

requires the researcher to engage in a variety of activities including participation, documentation, (informal) interviewing and reflection.

a. Focus group discussion
b. In-depth interviews
c. Participant observation

Answer 19

Participant observation

Question 20

The researcher needs to be involved enough to understand what is going on, yet remain detached enough to be able to reflect on the phenomenon under investigation

Can be extremely difficult when the research is concerned with emotionally charged subject matter

a. Focus group discussion
b. In-depth interviews
c. Participant observation

Answer 20

Participant observation

Question 21

Participant observation rules:

Answer 21

The participant observer needs to keep detailed notes of any observations made.

phase observation and writing

Important to record observations after they have been made to avoid forgetting

Question 22

descriptions of settings, events and people, as well as quotations and/or summaries of what people said

a. Substantive notes
b. Methodological notes
c. Analytical notes

Answer 22

Substantive notes

Question 23

process of observation: researchers’ relationship with the other participants, and problems encountered in the field

a. Substantive notes
b. Methodological notes
c. Analytical notes

Answer 23

Methodological notes

Question 24

themes, connections, and patterns

a. Substantive notes
b. Methodological notes
c. Analytical notes

Answer 24

Analytical notes

Question 25

are NOT widely used as a method of data collection in psychological research

a. Journals
b. Autobiographies
c. Diaries

Answer 25

Diaries

Question 26

participants are asked to keep a record of their experiences, activities and feelings in relation to a particular issue or topic

a. Unstructured journals
b. Unstructured diaries
c. Unstructured autobiographies

Answer 26

Unstructured diaries