Quality Management

Question 1

What are different types of quality?

Answer 1

Quality of design
- needs and expectations, specifications

Quality of conformance
- processes, activities, and methods
- resources and materials
- production, delivery, intsallation

Question 2

What are the different quality definition?

Answer 2

Ability of a product or service to consistently meet or exceed customer expectations

Quality control is monitoring, testing, and correcting quality problems after they occur

Quality assurance is providing confidence in a product quality by preventing defects before they occur

Question 3

What are the costs of quality?

Answer 3

Control costs
- prevention costs ($) training, continuous improvement programs
- appraisal cost ($$) inspection, measures

Failure costs
- internal failure ($$$) before delivery to the customer… rework, waste of parts and time
-external failure costs ($$$$) after delivery to the customer… returns, recalls, warranty

Total cost of quality= control costs+failure costs

Question 4

What are the tools used for quality management

Answer 4

Cause and effect diagram
Flowchart
Checklists
Control charts
Scatter diagram
Par ego chart
Histogram

Question 5

What is statistical quality control

Answer 5

Series of activities aiming for the detection and prevention of defects, it encompasses two methods

Acceptance sampling (detection of defects)
Statistical process control (prevention of defects)

Question 6

What is acceptance sampling?

Answer 6

Accepting or rejecting a production lot based on the number of defects found in sample
Used to evaluate the quality of a product batch based on the quality observed ina subgroup of the batch.

Question 7

What are the ways to track process variation

Answer 7

Control charts
- verify that variations shown in a process are due to
* random causes
*assignable causes

Process capability index
- verify the process meets tolerances or specifications
* measure natural variability of the process relative to the dishing specification

Question 8

What is a control chart

Answer 8

Graph used to show whether a sample of data falls within the normal range of variation

Purpose:to monitor process output and distinguish between random and systemic variation

Characteristics: central line and upper and lower control limits defining the range of acceptable variation

Question 9

What is process capability

Answer 9

The ability of a production process to meet or exceed pre-set specifications
Compares the natural variation generated by the process with proposed specification limits that must not be exceeded
Assumes that the process is centred in the specification range and helps address a possible lack of cantering of the process

Question 10

What info does process capability study gives us?

Answer 10

Know whether or not the current process is capable of meeting the established tolerance range

Knowledge of the process variability, tells how much leeway they have with temporary disruptions

Underscores the fact that quality is not simply a matter of compliance with tolerance limits

Question 11

What are the 3 ranges for Cp and what do they mean?

Answer 11

Cp=1, variability meets specification
Cp<1, process does not meet specification
Cp>1, process exceeds minimal specification