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PSALM: CLINICAL CHEMISTRY > QUALITY IN LABORATORY > Flashcards

QUALITY IN LABORATORY Flashcards

MOTHER NOTES + GRAND FINAL COACHING

1
Q

MOST WIDELY USED APPROACH to QUALITY IMPROVEMENT in the healthcare

A

PDCA CYCLE

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2
Q

another term for PDCA CYCLE

A

DEMING CYCLE

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3
Q

provides both a management philosophy or organizational development and a management process for improvement of quality in all aspects of work

A

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

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4
Q

necessary to standardize the remedy, establish measures for performance monitoring, and ensure that the performance achieved satisfies quality requirements

A

QUALITY PLANNING

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5
Q

includes processes, policies, practices, and procedures that define how all aspects of work are done

A

QUALITY LABORATORY PROCESS

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6
Q

involves statistical control procedures as well as nonstatistical checks, e.g. linearity checks, temperature monitors, reagent and standard checks

A

QUALITY CONTROL

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7
Q

concerned with broader measures of laboratory performance including TAT, px identification, spx collection, and test utility

A

QUALITY ASSESSMENT

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8
Q

provides a structured problem-solving process to help identify the root cause of a problem and a remedy for that problem

A

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

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9
Q

a comprehensive set of policies, procedures, and practices that are followed to ensure that a laboratory’s results are reliable

A

QUALITY ASSURANCE

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10
Q

ensures that a particular test method is working properly and that results of that test are reliable; part of QA

A

QUALITY CONTROL

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11
Q

includes record keeping, maintenance and calibration of equipment, PROFICIENCY TESTING, quality control, and training of personnel

A

QUALITY ASSURANCE

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12
Q

NEARNESS OR CLOSENESS OF THE ASSAYED VALUE to the true or target value

A

QUALITY ASSURANCE

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13
Q

3 types of studies that ESTIMATE ACCURACY

A
  1. RECOVERY
  2. INTERFERENCE
  3. SAMPLE COMPARISON
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14
Q

pair of medical decision points that span limits of results EXPECTED FOR A DEFINED HEALTHY POPULATION

A

REFERENCE INTERVAL

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15
Q

in verifying a reference interval, how many study individuals are required?

A

20

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16
Q

how many study individuals are needed when establishing a reference interval?

A

120

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17
Q

FRIST STEP IN METHOD EVALUATION; usually done by running two control materials twice a day over a 10-day period

A

PRECISION STUDY

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18
Q

involves spiking a sample with a known amount of an analyte and determining how much of it can be detected by the method in the presence of other compounds in the matrix

A

RECOVERY STUDY

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19
Q

ability of an analytical method to MEASURE ONLY THE ANALYTE OF INTEREST

A

SPECIFICITY

SPECIFIC KAY ISA LANG IYANG PANGITAON!!! (murag ako sakong crush 😂)

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20
Q

ability of an analytical method to MEASURE THE SMALLEST CONCENTRATION OF THE ANALYTE

A

SENSITIVITY

mabagting dayon kay sensitive ang ears, kiligon pag madungog si crush

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21
Q

ability of an analytical method to give repeated results on the sample sample that agree with one another

A

PRECISION

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22
Q

the degree by which a method is easily repeated

A

PRACTICABILITY

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23
Q

SOLUTION OF KNOWN CONCENTRATION

A

STANDARD

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24
Q

intervals with accepted values with upper or low limits

A

CONTROL LIMITS

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25
Q

constant result (on the sample) after repeated test

A

PRECISION or REPRODUCIBILITY

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26
Q

ability of an analytical method to maintain accuracy and precision over an extended period of time

A

RELIABILITY

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27
Q

lowest amount of analyte accurately detected by method

A

LIMIT OF DETECTION

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28
Q

range of analyte that a method can quantitatively report allowing dilution, concentration, pretreatment to extend AMR

A

CLINICAL REPORTABLE RANGE

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29
Q

ability of an analytical method to **DETECT THE PROPORTION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH THE DISEASE ** 🤕

A

DIAGNOSTIC SENSITIVITY

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30
Q

range of analyte concentration that is DIRECTLY MEASURED WITHOUT ❗ DILUTION, CONCENTRATION, AND PRETREATMENT

A

ANALYTIC MEASUREMENT RANGE (AMR)

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31
Q

quantifies how useful a test is

A

DIAGNOSTIC EFFICACY

32
Q

common cause of IMPRECISION

A

ERRORS IN TECHNIQUE

33
Q

common cause of INACCURACY

A

CHANGE IN TESTING PROCESS

34
Q

common cause of RANDOM ERRORS

A

POOR TECHNIQUE and MALFUNCTIONING EQUIPMENT

35
Q

random error is…

A

IMPRECISION

36
Q

systematic error is…

A

INACCURACY

37
Q

involves the analysis of 2 LEVELS OF CONTROL EVERY 24 HOURS

A

INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL

38
Q

initial control limits are established by analyzing controls for AT LEAST 20 CONSECUTIVE DAYS OR RUNS

39
Q

important for the DAILY MONITORING of accuracy and precision of analytical methods

40
Q

involves testing blind samples (uknown conc of analytes) sent periodically by regulatory agencies to participating laboratories

A

EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT

41
Q

important for the LONG-TERM ACCURACY of analytical methods

A

EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT

42
Q

include test requisition, px preparation, px ID, spx collection, labeling, spx transport, spx reception, handling and preparation

A

PRE-ANALYTICAL

43
Q

include reagents, preventive maintenance of equipment, calibration, analysis of samples, and QC

A

ANALYTICAL

44
Q

include verification of calculations and reference ranges, flagging and notification of panic/critical values, delta checks, reporting of results, and interpretation

A

POST-ANALYTICAL

45
Q

an algorithm in which a current laboratory result is COMPARED WITH RESULTS OBTAINED ON A PREVIOUS SPECIMEN from the SAME PX

A

DELTA CHECK

46
Q

PROBABILITY of an individual HAVING THE DISEASE if the result is abnormal

A

POSITIVE PREDICTED VALUE

47
Q

PROBABILITY of an individual WITHOUT HAVING THE DISEASE if the result is within the reference range

A

NEGATIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE

48
Q

a CUSTOMER-DRIVEN quality improvement through work monitoring, detecting deficiencies, and correcting them

A

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)

49
Q

management process to continue providing healthcare services to cater the px’s needs

A

CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT (CQI)

50
Q

DMAIC

A

DEFINE, MEASURE, ANALYZE, IMPROVE, CONTROL

51
Q

FOCUS

A

FIND, ORGANIZE, CLARIFY, UNDERSTAND, SELECT

52
Q

PDSA

A

PLAN, DO, STUDY, ACT

53
Q

PDCA

A

PLAN, DO, CHECK, ACT

54
Q

QMS

A

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

55
Q

CQI

A

CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

56
Q

TQM

A

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

57
Q

NFPA

A

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

58
Q

OSHA

A

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY and HEALTH ADMINISTRATION

59
Q

CLIA ‘88/1988

A

CLINICAL LABORATORY IMPROVEMENT AMENDMENT

60
Q

OSHA 1983

A

HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARDS

61
Q

OSHA 1991

A

BLOOD PATHOGEN STANDARDS

62
Q

OSHA 1990

A

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS IN THE LABORATORY

63
Q

EQAS

A

EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE SERVICES

64
Q

NEQAS

A

NATIONAL EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT SCHEME

65
Q

a set of management practices that AIM TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY and REDUCE WASTE

66
Q

a framework for improving quality, efficiency, and performance in a process management system

67
Q

is a TEAM-FOCUSED MANAGERIAL APPROACH that seeks to improve performance by ELIMINATING WASTE AND DEFECTS

A

LEAN SIX SIGMA

68
Q

LSS (LEAN SIX SIGMA) STEPS

69
Q

DMADV

A

DEFINE, MEASURE, ANALYZE, DESIGN, VERIFY

70
Q

the simplest statistic used to describe the SPREAD OF DATA ABOUT THE MEAN

71
Q

it is calculated by subtracting the smallest observation or value from the largest

72
Q

it is the MOST COMMONLY USED statistic in the laboratory setting DESCRIBING THE DISPERSION OF GROUPS OF SINGLE OBSERVATIONS

A

STANDARD DEVIATION

73
Q

is a comparison of the relative variability in two sets of values

74
Q

a plot that COMPARES RESULTS OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT LABS

A

YOUDEN/TWIN

75
Q

uses V-Mask for EARLIEST INDICATION OF SYSTEMATIC ERROR (TREND)

A

CUMULATIVE SUM (CUSUM)

76
Q

a graphic representation of the acceptable limits of variation

A

SHEWHART LEVY-JENNINGS

PSALM: CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (4 decks)

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