Quality & Faults

Question 1

Definition of density

Factors affecting this

Answer 1

Degree of film blackening

Exposure and processing

Question 2

What influences exposure

Answer 2

Mainly mAs

Also kv

Question 3

What happens if mAs too high

What does film look like

Answer 3

Overexposed

Film too dark - markers remain white

Question 4

What happens if mAs too low

What does film look like

Answer 4

Underexposed
Film will be pale
- if contrast high, kv also too low

Question 5

Reasons for underdevelopment (3)

Answer 5

Diluted/exhausted developer
Developer too cold
Development time too short

Question 6

What will underdevelopment film look like

How to test

Answer 6

Uniformly pale with low contrast

Finger test

Question 7

Reasons for overdevelopment (2)

Answer 7

Developer too hot

Film developed for too long

Question 8

What does overdeveloped film look like

Answer 8

Uniformly darkened - markers not visible

Question 9

What factors influence contrast

Answer 9

Voltage

Underdevelopment

Question 10

Define contrast

Answer 10

Visualisation of varying densities

Question 11

Reasons for high contrast

Answer 11

Underexposed

Kv too low

Question 12

Reason for low contrast

Answer 12

Underdevelopment

Question 13

Reason for NO contrast

Answer 13

Kv too high

Question 14

Define definition

Answer 14

Sharpness and clarity of structures

Question 15

Factors which affect definition (7)

Answer 15

Movement
Scatter
Fogging
Poor film-screen contact
Film-screen speed 
Focal spot size
FFD

Question 16

Effect of scatter on film

Answer 16

Random darkening

Loss of definition and contrast

Question 17

What may cause fogging (5)

Answer 17

Scatter
Overdevelopment
Prolonged storage
Unsuitable sage-light filter
Accidental exposure to Rx/light

Question 18

Effect of film-screen speed on definition

Answer 18

Increased speed reduces definition

Question 19

Effect of focal spot size on definition

Answer 19

Larger FSS will reduce definition due to penumbra effect

Question 20

Effect of FFD on definition

Answer 20

Larger FFD resulting from object going as close to film as possible results in better definition

Question 21

Most common film fault

Answer 21

Underdevelopment

Question 22

Reasons film may be too dark (4)

Answer 22

Overexposure
Overdevelopment
FFD too short
Fogging

Question 23

Reasons film may be too light (3)

Answer 23

Underexposure (high contrast)
Underdevelopment (low contrast)
FFD too long

Question 24

Causes of patchy density or air bubbles

Answer 24

Developer not stirred or film not agitated

Question 25

Reason for contrast too high

Answer 25

Kv too low

Question 26

Reasons for contrast too low (4)

Answer 26

Kv too high
Overdevelopment
Underdevelopment
Fogging

Question 27

Reasons for blurring (6)

Answer 27

Movement
Scatter
Fogging
Poor film-screen contact
Large object-film distance
Double exposure

Question 28

Reason for yellow staining

Answer 28

Inadequate rinsing of fixer

Question 29

Reasons for parallel marks

Answer 29

Dirty/misaligned rollers

Question 30

Reason for dark patches

Answer 30

Developer splash prior to processing

Question 31

Reason for white patches

Answer 31

Fixer splash prior to processing

Question 32

Reason for grey patches

Answer 32

Water splash prior to processing

Question 33

If the kv is too low…

Answer 33

High contrast

Low definition

Question 34

If the kv is too high…

Answer 34

Little/no contrast

Low definition

Question 35

If mAs too low…

Answer 35

Film too pale

Question 36

If mAs too high…

Answer 36

Film uniformly dark

White markers